{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1518287893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_113","title":"Test Sample and Size","display_name":"Test Sample and Size","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1518287893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_113","mag":"1518287893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509329","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083930742","display_name":"Michael E. Schuckers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-7089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100236772","display_name":"St. Lawrence University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pvqha70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100236772"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Schuckers","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, USA","St. Lawrence University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100236772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Lawrence University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083930742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100236772"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1328","last_page":"1332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9061999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8417111039161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6563221216201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5388782620429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5245971083641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.504090428352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination","display_name":"Sample size determination","score":0.49413803219795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48950350284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.45315951108932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4124753773212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38120925426483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3544729948043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3269222676753998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2725105583667755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1663762331008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16034430265426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.07092371582984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06921935081481934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8417111039161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6563221216201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5388782620429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5245971083641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.504090428352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.49413803219795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48950350284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.45315951108932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4124753773212433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38120925426483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3544729948043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3269222676753998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2725105583667755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1663762331008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16034430265426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.07092371582984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06921935081481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73003-5_113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509329","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509329","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Biometrics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995418324","https://openalex.org/W2008818218","https://openalex.org/W2030794561","https://openalex.org/W2061003478","https://openalex.org/W2074894978","https://openalex.org/W2103212156","https://openalex.org/W2150290224","https://openalex.org/W2167768673","https://openalex.org/W2186175517","https://openalex.org/W2409844538","https://openalex.org/W2995675184","https://openalex.org/W4241729737","https://openalex.org/W4242407686","https://openalex.org/W4248370127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W167097001","https://openalex.org/W187087991","https://openalex.org/W2896900535","https://openalex.org/W2688841175","https://openalex.org/W2769916174","https://openalex.org/W2184559410","https://openalex.org/W1031141350","https://openalex.org/W142949084","https://openalex.org/W3014417365","https://openalex.org/W1590897743","https://openalex.org/W2039639889","https://openalex.org/W2154334096","https://openalex.org/W1562002439","https://openalex.org/W2142699834","https://openalex.org/W2158628826","https://openalex.org/W78216528","https://openalex.org/W6912236","https://openalex.org/W2490257335","https://openalex.org/W242671399","https://openalex.org/W2168696847"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
