{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1482307864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3540547428_46","title":"ASTRAL: An assertion language for specifying realtime systems","display_name":"ASTRAL: An assertion language for specifying realtime systems","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1482307864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3540547428_46","mag":"1482307864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3540547428_46","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3540547428_46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024976868","display_name":"Carlo Ghezzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-5011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Ghezzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109057758","display_name":"Richard A. Kemmerer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109270","display_name":"Reliable Software Resources (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5fm873","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109270"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Kemmerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reliable Software Group, Department of Computer Science, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA","University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reliable Software Group, Department of Computer Science, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97237916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"122","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8057747483253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion","display_name":"Assertion","score":0.7882584929466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5918117165565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.4895942807197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specification-language","display_name":"Specification language","score":0.4234457015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.418715238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.33537018299102783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8057747483253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.7882584929466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5918117165565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.4895942807197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.4234457015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.418715238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33537018299102783}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3540547428_46","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3540547428_46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.8121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.8121","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~rsg/ASTRAL/pub/esec91.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52130187","https://openalex.org/W1553693026","https://openalex.org/W1663179985","https://openalex.org/W1857327297","https://openalex.org/W1948802341","https://openalex.org/W1960783097","https://openalex.org/W1970603830","https://openalex.org/W1984852853","https://openalex.org/W1993503482","https://openalex.org/W1995969393","https://openalex.org/W2001748564","https://openalex.org/W2007408338","https://openalex.org/W2010795160","https://openalex.org/W2024253297","https://openalex.org/W2037637206","https://openalex.org/W2042801853","https://openalex.org/W2056359803","https://openalex.org/W2062663486","https://openalex.org/W2066381570","https://openalex.org/W2075079124","https://openalex.org/W2096039823","https://openalex.org/W2096536569","https://openalex.org/W2099529102","https://openalex.org/W2112494651","https://openalex.org/W2154069078","https://openalex.org/W2163835031","https://openalex.org/W2170486381","https://openalex.org/W2170566571","https://openalex.org/W2306483005","https://openalex.org/W2906838735","https://openalex.org/W4238023202","https://openalex.org/W6631733544","https://openalex.org/W6656570598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592399342","https://openalex.org/W1559579193","https://openalex.org/W1973212243","https://openalex.org/W1999652909","https://openalex.org/W2378973586","https://openalex.org/W2014062517","https://openalex.org/W2245550411","https://openalex.org/W1987831438","https://openalex.org/W2185636170","https://openalex.org/W2167671438"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}