{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1518114164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_15","title":"Some Reasons Why Learning Science is Hard: Can Computer Based Law Encoding Diagrams Make It Easier?","display_name":"Some Reasons Why Learning Science is Hard: Can Computer Based Law Encoding Diagrams Make It Easier?","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1518114164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_15","mag":"1518114164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-68716-5_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036646417","display_name":"Peter Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-5955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter C-H. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESRC Centre for Research in Development, Instruction and Training, Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESRC Centre for Research in Development, Instruction and Training, Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036646417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57375122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"96","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.8994895219802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8028309345245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6408909559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5833463668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5607840418815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4967256188392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3531153202056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14724963903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10314691066741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09874123334884644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.8994895219802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8028309345245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6408909559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5833463668823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5607840418815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4967256188392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3531153202056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14724963903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10314691066741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09874123334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-68716-5_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126420677","https://openalex.org/W1514175292","https://openalex.org/W1624039703","https://openalex.org/W1782606799","https://openalex.org/W1807885010","https://openalex.org/W1967184005","https://openalex.org/W1969288146","https://openalex.org/W1983412113","https://openalex.org/W1990100773","https://openalex.org/W2025271066","https://openalex.org/W2028660931","https://openalex.org/W2086005675","https://openalex.org/W2135625345","https://openalex.org/W2141239154","https://openalex.org/W2163640453","https://openalex.org/W2291856887","https://openalex.org/W2325390719","https://openalex.org/W2606650365","https://openalex.org/W3135406297","https://openalex.org/W4229772414","https://openalex.org/W4242937732","https://openalex.org/W4244729909","https://openalex.org/W4246711722","https://openalex.org/W4249986060","https://openalex.org/W4301893242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2393217312"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}