{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1514617528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68697-5_16","title":"Practical and Provably-Secure Commitment Schemes from Collision-Free Hashing","display_name":"Practical and Provably-Secure Commitment Schemes from Collision-Free Hashing","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1514617528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68697-5_16","mag":"1514617528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-68697-5_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68697-5_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073301367","display_name":"Shai Halevi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-7899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shai Halevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT \u2014 Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT \u2014 Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030198184","display_name":"Silvio Micali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvio Micali","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT \u2014 Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT \u2014 Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":213,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.8005695343017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7676519155502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.6984537839889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commitment-scheme","display_name":"Commitment scheme","score":0.6228761076927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.5826107263565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.557239294052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5505613684654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5139543414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.5099760293960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.48941460251808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.48509061336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4600309133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.44702696800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-parameter","display_name":"Security parameter","score":0.43294399976730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-independent-hashing","display_name":"K-independent hashing","score":0.4218122959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34405142068862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3335155248641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-table","display_name":"Hash table","score":0.3250517249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfect-hash-function","display_name":"Perfect hash function","score":0.25969764590263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20671570301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19271451234817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0949288010597229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.8005695343017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7676519155502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.6984537839889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91399829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1115684","display_name":"Commitment scheme","level":3,"score":0.6228761076927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5826107263565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.557239294052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5505613684654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5139543414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.5099760293960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48941460251808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.48509061336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4600309133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.44702696800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776711565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445058","display_name":"Security parameter","level":3,"score":0.43294399976730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187062812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6322840","display_name":"K-independent hashing","level":5,"score":0.4218122959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34405142068862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3335155248641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67388219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207440","display_name":"Hash table","level":3,"score":0.3250517249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87431388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070573","display_name":"Perfect hash function","level":4,"score":0.25969764590263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20671570301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19271451234817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0949288010597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-68697-5_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68697-5_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.57.2794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.57.2794","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/people/shaih/comitmnt2.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76185347","https://openalex.org/W1494965429","https://openalex.org/W1568324739","https://openalex.org/W1579966008","https://openalex.org/W1595153681","https://openalex.org/W1885156594","https://openalex.org/W1913384000","https://openalex.org/W1972792640","https://openalex.org/W1996888795","https://openalex.org/W2012045293","https://openalex.org/W2052207834","https://openalex.org/W2070773953","https://openalex.org/W2096107368","https://openalex.org/W2099188893","https://openalex.org/W2103766856","https://openalex.org/W2151413173","https://openalex.org/W2154839628","https://openalex.org/W2164592940","https://openalex.org/W2248390517","https://openalex.org/W2611285867","https://openalex.org/W2987687226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949886604","https://openalex.org/W2610681567","https://openalex.org/W2069535412","https://openalex.org/W4328028453","https://openalex.org/W4389292261","https://openalex.org/W4390748496","https://openalex.org/W2000850689","https://openalex.org/W2950909251","https://openalex.org/W2145801920","https://openalex.org/W2035793348"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
