{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1480213387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64381-8_40","title":"Graphic symbol recognition: An overview","display_name":"Graphic symbol recognition: An overview","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1480213387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64381-8_40","mag":"1480213387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-64381-8_40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64381-8_40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110360786","display_name":"Atul K. Chhabra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801304177","display_name":"College of Westchester","ror":"https://ror.org/00ck0vh11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801304177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atul K. Chhabra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Atlantic Network Systems, Advanced Technology, 500 Westchester Avenue, 10604, NY, White Plains","Advanced Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Atlantic Network Systems, Advanced Technology, 500 Westchester Avenue, 10604, NY, White Plains","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801304177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110360786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801304177"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96570645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.8697705268859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8023276925086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6083002686500549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5208255052566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4231279194355011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3938819468021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3725593686103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.17779842019081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06368222832679749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.8697705268859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8023276925086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6083002686500549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5208255052566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4231279194355011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3938819468021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3725593686103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.17779842019081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06368222832679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-64381-8_40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-64381-8_40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90953976","https://openalex.org/W617615619","https://openalex.org/W1486572897","https://openalex.org/W1503068523","https://openalex.org/W1553205923","https://openalex.org/W1555309365","https://openalex.org/W1556398901","https://openalex.org/W1573665616","https://openalex.org/W1596846148","https://openalex.org/W1621548214","https://openalex.org/W1858223176","https://openalex.org/W1883124748","https://openalex.org/W1912334448","https://openalex.org/W1961599733","https://openalex.org/W1969555295","https://openalex.org/W1973061027","https://openalex.org/W1983526743","https://openalex.org/W1984307934","https://openalex.org/W2001389364","https://openalex.org/W2021079554","https://openalex.org/W2049397854","https://openalex.org/W2063452616","https://openalex.org/W2097748059","https://openalex.org/W2099967046","https://openalex.org/W2111938148","https://openalex.org/W2113084329","https://openalex.org/W2113367493","https://openalex.org/W2117149131","https://openalex.org/W2120266515","https://openalex.org/W2124884976","https://openalex.org/W2127169155","https://openalex.org/W2130460845","https://openalex.org/W2140661765","https://openalex.org/W2143462814","https://openalex.org/W2146445677","https://openalex.org/W2147619471","https://openalex.org/W2153044048","https://openalex.org/W2156169452","https://openalex.org/W2167179044","https://openalex.org/W2167691881","https://openalex.org/W2169099044","https://openalex.org/W3143835353","https://openalex.org/W4246239474","https://openalex.org/W4246416875","https://openalex.org/W6633359627","https://openalex.org/W6683073843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W2376208682","https://openalex.org/W2924107927","https://openalex.org/W4240806619","https://openalex.org/W2368886944","https://openalex.org/W4254609622","https://openalex.org/W4390358280","https://openalex.org/W2611966483","https://openalex.org/W2392641092","https://openalex.org/W4246219814"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
