{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1576210191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63460-6_183","title":"A passive real-time gaze estimation system for human-machine interfaces","display_name":"A passive real-time gaze estimation system for human-machine interfaces","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1576210191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63460-6_183","mag":"1576210191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-63460-6_183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63460-6_183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029523127","display_name":"H. Klingspohr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Klingspohr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Informatik I, Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg-Harburg, Harburger Schlo\u00dfstra\u00dfe 20, 21079, Hamburg","Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Harburg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Informatik I, Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg-Harburg, Harburger Schlo\u00dfstra\u00dfe 20, 21079, Hamburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Harburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015321892","display_name":"Kai Tobias Block","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-965X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Block","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Informatik I, Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg-Harburg, Harburger Schlo\u00dfstra\u00dfe 20, 21079, Hamburg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Informatik I, Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg-Harburg, Harburger Schlo\u00dfstra\u00dfe 20, 21079, Hamburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027129056","display_name":"Rolf\u2010Rainer Grigat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-5877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. -R. Grigat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Informatik I, Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg-Harburg, Harburger Schlo\u00dfstra\u00dfe 20, 21079, Hamburg","Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Harburg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Informatik I, Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg-Harburg, Harburger Schlo\u00dfstra\u00dfe 20, 21079, Hamburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, Harburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029523127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18067227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"718","last_page":"725"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hough-transform","display_name":"Hough transform","score":0.8917045593261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8374094367027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.749592661857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7225080728530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ellipse","display_name":"Ellipse","score":0.6800458431243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6414550542831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5914974212646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.5716003179550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5413695573806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4612656235694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.37834808230400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.36309027671813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10133591294288635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200518788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195076","display_name":"Hough transform","level":3,"score":0.8917045593261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8374094367027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.749592661857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7225080728530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74261601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40112","display_name":"Ellipse","level":2,"score":0.6800458431243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6414550542831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5914974212646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.5716003179550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5413695573806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4612656235694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.37834808230400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.36309027671813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10133591294288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-63460-6_183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63460-6_183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22745672","https://openalex.org/W116737336","https://openalex.org/W1502597635","https://openalex.org/W1512876644","https://openalex.org/W1621083205","https://openalex.org/W1953654329","https://openalex.org/W1974614283","https://openalex.org/W2024436171","https://openalex.org/W2031236760","https://openalex.org/W2140427427","https://openalex.org/W2160951686","https://openalex.org/W2163704888","https://openalex.org/W2907897161","https://openalex.org/W4237371814","https://openalex.org/W6630439785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2248202737","https://openalex.org/W2350811523","https://openalex.org/W2349951833","https://openalex.org/W2084226224","https://openalex.org/W810838643","https://openalex.org/W2008190535","https://openalex.org/W2026914768","https://openalex.org/W2034186176","https://openalex.org/W2141994323","https://openalex.org/W2114677927"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}