{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1588188254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","title":"Recognition of hand-printed Chinese characters using Ripple Down Rules","display_name":"Recognition of hand-printed Chinese characters using Ripple Down Rules","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1588188254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","mag":"1588188254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036556607","display_name":"Adnan Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-8833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","University Of New south Wales"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of New south Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111463286","display_name":"M F Bamford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bamford","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","University Of New south Wales"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of New south Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107145557","display_name":"Achim Hoffmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achim Hoffmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","University Of New south Wales"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of New south Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060904625","display_name":"Ashesh Mahidadia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-7776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashesh Mahidadia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","University Of New south Wales"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of New south Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038521182","display_name":"Paul Compton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-8814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Compton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","University Of New south Wales"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of New south Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036556607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20871752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"371","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.6769934892654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6465946435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6240395903587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.5938853025436401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.5700116157531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.4987776279449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.48233863711357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4135183095932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38182738423347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3305387496948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.3208865523338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23989719152450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09607484936714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0654703676700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.04644155502319336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.6769934892654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6465946435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6240395903587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.5938853025436401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5700116157531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4987776279449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.48233863711357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4135183095932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38182738423347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3305387496948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3208865523338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23989719152450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09607484936714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0654703676700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.04644155502319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_38.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1588188254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1588188254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019276034","https://openalex.org/W2020187819","https://openalex.org/W2035397096","https://openalex.org/W2048581016","https://openalex.org/W2050935012","https://openalex.org/W2132333696","https://openalex.org/W2164984765","https://openalex.org/W2170633497","https://openalex.org/W2172263315","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229441739","https://openalex.org/W4303411445","https://openalex.org/W2084345693","https://openalex.org/W1969308216","https://openalex.org/W3139757486","https://openalex.org/W2393195031","https://openalex.org/W2149918773","https://openalex.org/W2166484416","https://openalex.org/W2003435449","https://openalex.org/W2128594348"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
