{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1533900910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","title":"Structural learning of character patterns for on-line recognition of handwritten Japanese characters","display_name":"Structural learning of character patterns for on-line recognition of handwritten Japanese characters","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1533900910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","mag":"1533900910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F3-540-61577-6_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F3-540-61577-6_19.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014835275","display_name":"Masaki Nakagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7872-156X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92614990","display_name":"Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qg0kr10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Nakagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, 184, Tokyo, Japan","Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, 184, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029411689","display_name":"L\u00ea Ho\u00e0ng T\u00fa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5359-0251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92614990","display_name":"Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qg0kr10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014835275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92614990"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4194,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56663873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"180","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kanji","display_name":"Kanji","score":0.940362811088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.8685451149940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8113420009613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6818064451217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6494042873382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5473270416259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.539908230304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5380233526229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.4702775776386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.46165382862091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4107932150363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3462960124015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33247315883636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.3216503858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15330761671066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12237608432769775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83535845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772","display_name":"Kanji","level":3,"score":0.940362811088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8685451149940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8113420009613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6818064451217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6494042873382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5473270416259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.539908230304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5380233526229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.4702775776386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46165382862091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4107932150363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3462960124015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33247315883636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.3216503858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15330761671066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12237608432769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F3-540-61577-6_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F3-540-61577-6_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1533900910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1533900910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544102121","https://openalex.org/W2055075080","https://openalex.org/W2595102206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149918773","https://openalex.org/W418410444","https://openalex.org/W2250289928","https://openalex.org/W2368258406","https://openalex.org/W1928047647","https://openalex.org/W2320366352","https://openalex.org/W2348863460","https://openalex.org/W2356957210","https://openalex.org/W2390656634","https://openalex.org/W4285013390"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}