{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1512216623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60954-7_42","title":"Explicit metaclasses as a tool for improving the design of class libraries","display_name":"Explicit metaclasses as a tool for improving the design of class libraries","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1512216623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60954-7_42","mag":"1512216623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-60954-7_42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60954-7_42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034093660","display_name":"Thomas Ledoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-6757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100445878","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Nantes","ror":"https://ror.org/03nh7d505","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100445878","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112067","display_name":"IBM (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnbr922","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210112067"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Ledoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["CGI (IBM Corporation), France","Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44070, Nantes Cedex 03, France","CGI (IBM Corporation)","Ecole des Mines de Nantes"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CGI (IBM Corporation), France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44070, Nantes Cedex 03, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100445878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CGI (IBM Corporation)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole des Mines de Nantes","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065676757","display_name":"Pierre Cointe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100445878","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Nantes","ror":"https://ror.org/03nh7d505","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100445878","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095899","display_name":"Object Computing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzv406","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096006","display_name":"IRT Jules Verne","ror":"https://ror.org/00qxv3c44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096006","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Cointe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44070, Nantes Cedex 03, France","Laboratoire Jules Verne, EMN-Object Technology International Inc., France","Ecole des Mines de Nantes","EMN-Object Technology International Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44070, Nantes Cedex 03, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100445878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Jules Verne, EMN-Object Technology International Inc., France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole des Mines de Nantes","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMN-Object Technology International Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smalltalk","display_name":"Smalltalk","score":0.8838245868682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8824167847633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.7436050176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6768218278884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5641099810600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.5029165148735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48639681935310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46082982420921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.44641411304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.44331610202789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.42051804065704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2808247208595276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777293101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235086","display_name":"Smalltalk","level":3,"score":0.8838245868682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8824167847633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7436050176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6768218278884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5641099810600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.5029165148735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48639681935310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46082982420921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44641411304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44331610202789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.42051804065704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2808247208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-60954-7_42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60954-7_42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.39.1437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.39.1437","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.emn.fr/ledoux/Papers/isotas96.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.64.5899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.64.5899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.emn.fr/x-info/ledoux/Publis/isotas96.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04154705v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04154705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Object Technologies for Advanced Software (ISOTAS), 1996, Kanazawa, Japan. pp.38-55, ⟨10.1007/3-540-60954-7_42⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68605010","https://openalex.org/W1499520738","https://openalex.org/W1527793496","https://openalex.org/W1552593264","https://openalex.org/W1602914846","https://openalex.org/W1770006921","https://openalex.org/W2075623160","https://openalex.org/W6637879497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584712945","https://openalex.org/W4242574932","https://openalex.org/W2020521331","https://openalex.org/W12892605","https://openalex.org/W101162712","https://openalex.org/W169715093","https://openalex.org/W1484966945","https://openalex.org/W4234407104","https://openalex.org/W2164087987","https://openalex.org/W2160774218"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}