{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1777643187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57956-7_61","title":"Divided we fall: Resolving occlusions using causal reasoning","display_name":"Divided we fall: Resolving occlusions using causal reasoning","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1777643187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57956-7_61","mag":"1777643187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-57956-7_61","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57956-7_61","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113519187","display_name":"Paul Cooper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul R. Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109146935","display_name":"Lawrence Birnbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence A. Birnbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017583632","display_name":"Daniel Halabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Halabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013617347","display_name":"Matthew Brand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-4884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Brand","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084739215","display_name":"Peter N. Prokopowicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter N. Prokopowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","Northwestern University****"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, 1890 Maple Ave, 60201, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84077135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"535","last_page":"540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7938382625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6901874542236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-reasoning","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","score":0.6496530771255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6160117983818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6009575128555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5267816781997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-reasoning","display_name":"Causal reasoning","score":0.49253949522972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4839913845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.42339402437210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15707409381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.1359272599220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0985490083694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07316386699676514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7938382625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6901874542236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.6496530771255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6160117983818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6009575128555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5267816781997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115086926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004651","display_name":"Causal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.49253949522972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4839913845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.42339402437210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15707409381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1359272599220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0985490083694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07316386699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-57956-7_61","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57956-7_61","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200675788","https://openalex.org/W1483025095","https://openalex.org/W1530949933","https://openalex.org/W1968728104","https://openalex.org/W2007567313","https://openalex.org/W2037083003","https://openalex.org/W2060040864","https://openalex.org/W2110262532","https://openalex.org/W2157484092","https://openalex.org/W2911709767","https://openalex.org/W4300994059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496061698","https://openalex.org/W354472287","https://openalex.org/W2123025643","https://openalex.org/W4226337072","https://openalex.org/W2149019670","https://openalex.org/W4281810057","https://openalex.org/W2096725885","https://openalex.org/W4312761939","https://openalex.org/W4283210793","https://openalex.org/W2485674475"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
