{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1751356026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55966-3_21","title":"A conceptual model of wayfinding using multiple levels of abstraction","display_name":"A conceptual model of wayfinding using multiple levels of abstraction","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1751356026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55966-3_21","mag":"1751356026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-55966-3_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55966-3_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061717403","display_name":"Sabine Timpf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-4110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Timpf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011160183","display_name":"Gary S. Volta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GARY S. Volta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091002187","display_name":"David W. Pollock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-5908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Pollock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068705609","display_name":"Max J. Egenhofer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max J. Egenhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying Engineering Boardman Hall, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of Maine, 04469, Orono, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061717403"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":165,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"348","last_page":"367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8127620220184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.7171273827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-model","display_name":"Conceptual model","score":0.7049393057823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.47386837005615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/everyday-life","display_name":"Everyday life","score":0.45845192670822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41826409101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.4139883816242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.39422807097435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34888970851898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3336651921272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10210725665092468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8127620220184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.7171273827552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.7049393057823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.47386837005615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.45845192670822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41826409101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4139883816242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.39422807097435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34888970851898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3336651921272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10210725665092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-55966-3_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55966-3_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.7519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.7519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.geo.unizh.ch/~timpf/papers/Timpf_cosit92.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.37.2677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.37.2677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.geoinfo.tuwien.ac.at/timpf/wayfinding92.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.6.478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~max/wayFindingAbstraction.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:53524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/frontdoor/index/index/docId/53524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400930","display_name":"OPUS (Augsburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119916105","host_organization_name":"Augsburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119916105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67406889","https://openalex.org/W150801587","https://openalex.org/W190638685","https://openalex.org/W1492581928","https://openalex.org/W1528431083","https://openalex.org/W1529253181","https://openalex.org/W1530109122","https://openalex.org/W1557041095","https://openalex.org/W1976518615","https://openalex.org/W1985205643","https://openalex.org/W1994645638","https://openalex.org/W2004044469","https://openalex.org/W2005037359","https://openalex.org/W2026976549","https://openalex.org/W2050365841","https://openalex.org/W2090323778","https://openalex.org/W2110795198","https://openalex.org/W2132405654","https://openalex.org/W2138340202","https://openalex.org/W2157145031","https://openalex.org/W2477104766","https://openalex.org/W2573894758","https://openalex.org/W4214951891","https://openalex.org/W4239702739","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298089449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391024416","https://openalex.org/W3213607208","https://openalex.org/W2548786942","https://openalex.org/W2315110999","https://openalex.org/W3188047445","https://openalex.org/W4360615222","https://openalex.org/W3196405127","https://openalex.org/W4212920570","https://openalex.org/W2323350421","https://openalex.org/W2056769467"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
