{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1567942486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55399-1_2","title":"Integrated natural language generation systems","display_name":"Integrated natural language generation systems","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1567942486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55399-1_2","mag":"1567942486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-55399-1_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55399-1_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026559703","display_name":"Mark Kantrowitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Kantrowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001090287","display_name":"Joseph Bates","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Bates","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87191679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7559225559234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.7536395192146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-programming","display_name":"Modular programming","score":0.7092746496200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.6300480365753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49595460295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46030309796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.4131423234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3325265049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3019585609436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.2695383131504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2018565535545349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7559225559234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.7536395192146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88482812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453666","display_name":"Modular programming","level":2,"score":0.7092746496200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.6300480365753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49595460295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46030309796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.4131423234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3325265049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3019585609436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2695383131504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2018565535545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-55399-1_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55399-1_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.45.2547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.45.2547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://reports.adm.cs.cmu.edu/usr/anon/1992/CMU-CS-92-107.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.48.9958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.48.9958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://almond.srv.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/misc/mosaic/common/omega/Web/Groups/oz/papers/CMU-CS-92-107.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47994732","https://openalex.org/W91709719","https://openalex.org/W114926995","https://openalex.org/W190686361","https://openalex.org/W1482931685","https://openalex.org/W1534011928","https://openalex.org/W1568941107","https://openalex.org/W1570031249","https://openalex.org/W1593084563","https://openalex.org/W1594982765","https://openalex.org/W1613651675","https://openalex.org/W1952803745","https://openalex.org/W1993220683","https://openalex.org/W1995504560","https://openalex.org/W2002161948","https://openalex.org/W2026376994","https://openalex.org/W2026578629","https://openalex.org/W2034742893","https://openalex.org/W2035849839","https://openalex.org/W2043153002","https://openalex.org/W2070016268","https://openalex.org/W2117803035","https://openalex.org/W2119954207","https://openalex.org/W2142322970","https://openalex.org/W2154259673","https://openalex.org/W2324128844","https://openalex.org/W2337358598","https://openalex.org/W2577664326","https://openalex.org/W3017185380","https://openalex.org/W4256259208","https://openalex.org/W4300259510","https://openalex.org/W4381925011","https://openalex.org/W6628989205","https://openalex.org/W6633907165","https://openalex.org/W6636435219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393702438","https://openalex.org/W2391644119","https://openalex.org/W2368574244","https://openalex.org/W2060456459","https://openalex.org/W2372613066","https://openalex.org/W2354835639","https://openalex.org/W2389048661","https://openalex.org/W2164104454","https://openalex.org/W3038096277","https://openalex.org/W1763968285"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}