{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206115163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54415-1_73","title":"An extension of system F with subtyping","display_name":"An extension of system F with subtyping","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206115163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54415-1_73"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-54415-1_73","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54415-1_73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013220584","display_name":"Luca Cardelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162662","display_name":"Digital Equipment (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/047vmzn25","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162662"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Cardelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, Systems Research Center, Palo Alto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, Systems Research Center, Palo Alto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086707385","display_name":"Simone Martini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-1940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Martini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101897622","display_name":"John C. Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-860X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156583","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1zjw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210091279","https://openalex.org/I4210156583","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156583","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054465062","display_name":"Andre Scedrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-0419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Scedrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013220584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162662"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95627803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"750","last_page":"770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtyping","display_name":"Subtyping","score":0.9561489820480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7482486963272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.629917562007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.629696786403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.6154598593711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/category-theory","display_name":"Category theory","score":0.5098349452018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-theory","display_name":"Type theory","score":0.46643638610839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4575793147087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4450998604297638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.41153576970100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.27815836668014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23069730401039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.1402912437915802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83852419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713292","display_name":"Subtyping","level":2,"score":0.9561489820480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7482486963272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.629917562007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.629696786403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.6154598593711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54884031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217413","display_name":"Category theory","level":2,"score":0.5098349452018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056428","display_name":"Type theory","level":3,"score":0.46643638610839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4575793147087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4450998604297638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.41153576970100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27815836668014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23069730401039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1402912437915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-54415-1_73","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54415-1_73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106622167","https://openalex.org/W1513579486","https://openalex.org/W1543392755","https://openalex.org/W1595372275","https://openalex.org/W2027657506","https://openalex.org/W2057292961","https://openalex.org/W2134553977","https://openalex.org/W2149587963","https://openalex.org/W2171425038","https://openalex.org/W2173184982","https://openalex.org/W2211325406","https://openalex.org/W2568721247","https://openalex.org/W2914837968","https://openalex.org/W4232425037","https://openalex.org/W4254601874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977820295","https://openalex.org/W1508337761","https://openalex.org/W3180855406","https://openalex.org/W2164569390","https://openalex.org/W4233993919","https://openalex.org/W2498490437","https://openalex.org/W2005380195","https://openalex.org/W223002628","https://openalex.org/W1607532628","https://openalex.org/W4366548651"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}