{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1567512529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54141-1_13","title":"Bulk types for large scale programming","display_name":"Bulk types for large scale programming","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1567512529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54141-1_13","mag":"1567512529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-54141-1_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54141-1_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077169494","display_name":"Malcolm Atkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-0013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315810332","display_name":"Altair Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05939ef94","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315810332"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104227","display_name":"Altair Engineering (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj7a915","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315810332","https://openalex.org/I4210104227"]}],"countries":["FR","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland","GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA, BP105, 78153, Le Chesnay, France","GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA","University of Glasgow"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA, BP105, 78153, Le Chesnay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104227","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315810332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074614459","display_name":"Philippe Richard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7271-1352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104227","display_name":"Altair Engineering (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj7a915","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315810332","https://openalex.org/I4210104227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315810332","display_name":"Altair Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05939ef94","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315810332"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA, BP105, 78153, Le Chesnay, France","GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA, BP105, 78153, Le Chesnay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104227","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIP Alta\u00efr, INRIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315810332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047010988","display_name":"Phil Trinder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0190-7010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phil Trinder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland","University of Glasgow"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077169494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315810332","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210104227","https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98066667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"228","last_page":"250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7521361112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.6285178661346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4949414134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-type","display_name":"Data type","score":0.46914854645729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4230038523674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37895724177360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3472573459148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13837376236915588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.123035728931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0777597427368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.05178260803222656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7521361112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6285178661346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4949414134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.46914854645729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4230038523674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37895724177360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3472573459148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13837376236915588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.123035728931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0777597427368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.05178260803222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-54141-1_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54141-1_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573363114","https://openalex.org/W583126019","https://openalex.org/W1493222705","https://openalex.org/W1518697968","https://openalex.org/W1543641760","https://openalex.org/W1545571974","https://openalex.org/W1556345310","https://openalex.org/W1605790257","https://openalex.org/W1968945891","https://openalex.org/W1987682002","https://openalex.org/W2005318605","https://openalex.org/W2013373314","https://openalex.org/W2056958905","https://openalex.org/W2061891986","https://openalex.org/W2082625705","https://openalex.org/W2089042876","https://openalex.org/W2090587238","https://openalex.org/W2110338707","https://openalex.org/W2114958714","https://openalex.org/W2119747572","https://openalex.org/W2130474477","https://openalex.org/W2138709157","https://openalex.org/W2145459199","https://openalex.org/W2147869465","https://openalex.org/W2156470319","https://openalex.org/W2161714767","https://openalex.org/W2162602286","https://openalex.org/W2165467455","https://openalex.org/W2168787502","https://openalex.org/W2173147468","https://openalex.org/W2176293370","https://openalex.org/W2185907055","https://openalex.org/W2295914203","https://openalex.org/W2489748212","https://openalex.org/W3161549246","https://openalex.org/W6632525208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396122647","https://openalex.org/W2136161268","https://openalex.org/W3165943254","https://openalex.org/W2006410711","https://openalex.org/W2054577134","https://openalex.org/W4244890543","https://openalex.org/W2232319799","https://openalex.org/W1890971158","https://openalex.org/W4205095736","https://openalex.org/W1851509138"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}