{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1560151003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51665-4_94","title":"Non-exact matching","display_name":"Non-exact matching","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1560151003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51665-4_94","mag":"1560151003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-51665-4_94","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51665-4_94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006563464","display_name":"Harald Kjellin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harald Kjellin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, University of Stockholm, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden","University of Stockholm"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, University of Stockholm, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stockholm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015727081","display_name":"Bassam El\u2010Khouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-4521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Michel El-Khouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, University of Stockholm, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden","University of Stockholm"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, University of Stockholm, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stockholm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006563464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19674185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"286","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9067999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.7270525097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7248223423957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6504119634628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5957369804382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5714478492736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5596266388893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-and-attribute","display_name":"Variable and attribute","score":0.556014895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribute-domain","display_name":"Attribute domain","score":0.5420405268669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.5385609269142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.535966157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4961925148963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4287184774875641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.41970232129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38734471797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3790135979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27639976143836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23526862263679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rough-set","display_name":"Rough set","score":0.143447607755661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10704109072685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08353260159492493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7270525097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7248223423957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6504119634628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5957369804382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5714478492736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5596266388893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12692103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113312","display_name":"Variable and attribute","level":4,"score":0.556014895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75814411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818714","display_name":"Attribute domain","level":3,"score":0.5420405268669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.5385609269142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.535966157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4961925148963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4287184774875641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.41970232129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38734471797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3790135979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27639976143836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23526862263679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111012933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3137210","display_name":"Rough set","level":2,"score":0.143447607755661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10704109072685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08353260159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-51665-4_94","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51665-4_94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570977994","https://openalex.org/W1484095730","https://openalex.org/W1512259501","https://openalex.org/W1534395135","https://openalex.org/W1600796577","https://openalex.org/W1970406594","https://openalex.org/W2000480149","https://openalex.org/W2026161499","https://openalex.org/W2059975159","https://openalex.org/W2094848746","https://openalex.org/W2125900646","https://openalex.org/W4206644285","https://openalex.org/W4237224727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362911251","https://openalex.org/W2355009088","https://openalex.org/W2003220380","https://openalex.org/W2361652241","https://openalex.org/W2884866368","https://openalex.org/W2357538651","https://openalex.org/W2903022315","https://openalex.org/W125606985","https://openalex.org/W1985171608","https://openalex.org/W2810548110"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
