{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1525902790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48743-3_8","title":"Foundations for Virtual Types","display_name":"Foundations for Virtual Types","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1525902790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48743-3_8","mag":"1525902790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-48743-3_8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48743-3_8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077485499","display_name":"Atsushi Igarashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-9764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Igarashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, 200 South 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, 200 South 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085361253","display_name":"Benjamin C. Pierce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-1636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin C. Pierce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, 200 South 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, 200 South 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89292687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"161","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9595999717712402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8532738089561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3345454931259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.33394938707351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32318711280822754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8532738089561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3345454931259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.33394938707351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32318711280822754}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-48743-3_8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48743-3_8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.30.4058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.4058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cs.williams.edu/pub/kim/FOOL6/igarashi.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.39.7567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.39.7567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/papers/vt.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.47.886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.47.886","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.yl.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~igarashi/papers/vt-ecoop.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517904659","https://openalex.org/W1544633123","https://openalex.org/W1564310313","https://openalex.org/W1569578717","https://openalex.org/W1581498582","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1739798036","https://openalex.org/W1926831376","https://openalex.org/W1986402635","https://openalex.org/W1994666727","https://openalex.org/W2027657506","https://openalex.org/W2035709547","https://openalex.org/W2047576169","https://openalex.org/W2048569219","https://openalex.org/W2056821525","https://openalex.org/W2057648994","https://openalex.org/W2090959968","https://openalex.org/W2094335008","https://openalex.org/W2104301310","https://openalex.org/W2104380298","https://openalex.org/W2117534212","https://openalex.org/W2133546079","https://openalex.org/W2137252778","https://openalex.org/W2137417304","https://openalex.org/W2138839382","https://openalex.org/W2139144234","https://openalex.org/W2145945984","https://openalex.org/W2163009019","https://openalex.org/W2166683168","https://openalex.org/W2167231542","https://openalex.org/W2170800927","https://openalex.org/W2177120186","https://openalex.org/W2211325406","https://openalex.org/W2792739471","https://openalex.org/W2987803397","https://openalex.org/W2998644885","https://openalex.org/W4240543102","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298305506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
