{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137029138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48229-6_9","title":"Improving Identification of Difficult Small Classes by Balancing Class Distribution","display_name":"Improving Identification of Difficult Small Classes by Balancing Class Distribution","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137029138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48229-6_9","mag":"2137029138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-48229-6_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48229-6_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084187883","display_name":"Jorma Laurikkala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorma Laurikkala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Tampere, FIN-33014, University of Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Tampere, FIN-33014, University of Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084187883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":747,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86519269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7888919115066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5761716961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.575530469417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.5511714816093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.543310284614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5217928886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-reduction","display_name":"Data reduction","score":0.5055327415466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.431302547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42790234088897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4163919687271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39498990774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32603710889816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32531875371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15372821688652039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7888919115066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5761716961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.575530469417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5511714816093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.543310284614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5217928886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153914771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227343","display_name":"Data reduction","level":2,"score":0.5055327415466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.431302547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42790234088897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4163919687271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39498990774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32603710889816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32531875371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15372821688652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-48229-6_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48229-6_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.577.4704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.577.4704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sis.uta.fi/cs/reports/pdf/A-2001-2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/1371046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/1371046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W182148485","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1525481129","https://openalex.org/W1588282782","https://openalex.org/W2002912396","https://openalex.org/W2024424774","https://openalex.org/W2045467277","https://openalex.org/W2050879758","https://openalex.org/W2084073739","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2122389268","https://openalex.org/W2122496402","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2137029138","https://openalex.org/W2147169507","https://openalex.org/W2153934002","https://openalex.org/W2163598528","https://openalex.org/W2163952039","https://openalex.org/W2313444619","https://openalex.org/W2914859268"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029016205","https://openalex.org/W2100576227","https://openalex.org/W2056496840","https://openalex.org/W2355043271","https://openalex.org/W2351220851","https://openalex.org/W4311427401","https://openalex.org/W2087637582","https://openalex.org/W2984382626","https://openalex.org/W2168287352","https://openalex.org/W2171627141"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}