{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1507906417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46004-7_16","title":"Evolutionary Computational Approaches to Solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem Using a Neighborhood Attractor Schema","display_name":"Evolutionary Computational Approaches to Solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem Using a Neighborhood Attractor Schema","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1507906417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46004-7_16","mag":"1507906417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-46004-7_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46004-7_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080630773","display_name":"Donald Sofge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-3581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Sofge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, USA","Naval Research laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103347954","display_name":"Alan C. Schultz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, USA","Naval Research laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088168293","display_name":"Kenneth DeJong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth De Jong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Virginia","George Mason University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64377984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"153","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.8262311816215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-opt","display_name":"2-opt","score":0.6933707594871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5830146074295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractor","display_name":"Attractor","score":0.4908464550971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48260462284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.48152121901512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.47821852564811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.4511777460575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck-traveling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Bottleneck traveling salesman problem","score":0.4287189245223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.4203546643257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4165794551372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3823801577091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2149386703968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12119314074516296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.8262311816215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106472803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291440","display_name":"2-opt","level":3,"score":0.6933707594871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5830146074295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.4908464550971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48260462284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.48152121901512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.47821852564811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.4511777460575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7668213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4949085","display_name":"Bottleneck traveling salesman problem","level":3,"score":0.4287189245223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.4203546643257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4165794551372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3823801577091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2149386703968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12119314074516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-46004-7_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46004-7_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.92.5731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.92.5731","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~eclab/papers/SofgeEvoCOP2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W249091067","https://openalex.org/W307896644","https://openalex.org/W1492008768","https://openalex.org/W1606791384","https://openalex.org/W1971483538","https://openalex.org/W2031951282","https://openalex.org/W2037455079","https://openalex.org/W2055569927","https://openalex.org/W2091292848","https://openalex.org/W2124290836","https://openalex.org/W2143037347","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2171554063","https://openalex.org/W3118260104","https://openalex.org/W4232911940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356976268","https://openalex.org/W2046552997","https://openalex.org/W810420948","https://openalex.org/W2308371765","https://openalex.org/W121123127","https://openalex.org/W2366076337","https://openalex.org/W2184672982","https://openalex.org/W2253106201","https://openalex.org/W2358885468","https://openalex.org/W4200095921"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}