{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1565137313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45820-4_7","title":"Using Word Formation Rules to Extend MT Lexicons","display_name":"Using Word Formation Rules to Extend MT Lexicons","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1565137313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45820-4_7","mag":"1565137313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-45820-4_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45820-4_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026262606","display_name":"Claudia Gdaniec","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Gdaniec","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights","IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016421870","display_name":"Esm\u00e9 Manandise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-4894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esm\u00e9 Manandise","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights","IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026262606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13951851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"64","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7838467359542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.769331693649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.6771419644355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6739113330841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5031604170799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.39534708857536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.15751412510871887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7838467359542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.769331693649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.6771419644355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6739113330841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5031604170799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.39534708857536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.15751412510871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-45820-4_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45820-4_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154743792","https://openalex.org/W581857221","https://openalex.org/W1507567055","https://openalex.org/W1589153833","https://openalex.org/W1644866298","https://openalex.org/W1684960071","https://openalex.org/W1983356332","https://openalex.org/W2097808913","https://openalex.org/W2140722688","https://openalex.org/W2506991895","https://openalex.org/W2508559717","https://openalex.org/W2522647811","https://openalex.org/W4238542749","https://openalex.org/W4381925011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234886518","https://openalex.org/W2389591058","https://openalex.org/W2775554247","https://openalex.org/W2110168585","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2250213760","https://openalex.org/W4386247111","https://openalex.org/W4327642362","https://openalex.org/W3192589309","https://openalex.org/W2587014613"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}