{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1559026684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45799-2_9","title":"A Graded Approach to Directions between Extended Objects","display_name":"A Graded Approach to Directions between Extended Objects","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1559026684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45799-2_9","mag":"1559026684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-45799-2_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45799-2_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102773565","display_name":"Lars Kulik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-736X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Kulik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051939522","display_name":"Carola Eschenbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carola Eschenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023635615","display_name":"Christopher Habel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Habel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057545227","display_name":"Hedda R. Schmidtke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-7819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hedda Rahel Schmidtke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-K\u00f6lln-Str. 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.841,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77262747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"119","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7540498971939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section","display_name":"Section (typography)","score":0.6698327660560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6656070947647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinal-direction","display_name":"Cardinal direction","score":0.5995632410049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5472738742828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front","display_name":"Front (military)","score":0.5191256403923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39722439646720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18984535336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1652807593345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10799631476402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0762595534324646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7540498971939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6698327660560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6656070947647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197902243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23718","display_name":"Cardinal direction","level":2,"score":0.5995632410049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5472738742828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.5191256403923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39722439646720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18984535336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1652807593345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10799631476402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0762595534324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-45799-2_9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45799-2_9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W852874","https://openalex.org/W123946901","https://openalex.org/W1517957937","https://openalex.org/W1522223856","https://openalex.org/W1543356252","https://openalex.org/W1554414759","https://openalex.org/W1594030474","https://openalex.org/W1598352974","https://openalex.org/W1615716513","https://openalex.org/W1734944212","https://openalex.org/W1751031993","https://openalex.org/W2018932293","https://openalex.org/W2033522852","https://openalex.org/W2062672310","https://openalex.org/W2064506658","https://openalex.org/W2072965014","https://openalex.org/W2078019102","https://openalex.org/W2142670185","https://openalex.org/W2499134207","https://openalex.org/W3141205388","https://openalex.org/W4240129194","https://openalex.org/W6600033781","https://openalex.org/W6633008301","https://openalex.org/W6637835516","https://openalex.org/W6637906228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560853036","https://openalex.org/W2566696415","https://openalex.org/W1563787543","https://openalex.org/W4239980664","https://openalex.org/W4249026152","https://openalex.org/W4231213805","https://openalex.org/W4244585678","https://openalex.org/W2041638519","https://openalex.org/W1967100394","https://openalex.org/W2371898628"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}