{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542369487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45648-1_12","title":"Loose Specification and Refinement in Z","display_name":"Loose Specification and Refinement in Z","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542369487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45648-1_12","mag":"1542369487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-45648-1_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45648-1_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059470549","display_name":"Eerke Boiten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-8968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eerke Boiten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury, CT2 7NF, Canterbury Kent, UK","*University of Kent at Canterbury"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury, CT2 7NF, Canterbury Kent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Kent at Canterbury","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059470549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7239,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70826527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"226","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7997389435768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.7423044443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7265682816505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.673932671546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.5478971004486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/containment","display_name":"Containment (computer programming)","score":0.5031432509422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.46702221035957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4475215971469879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3351410925388336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14527267217636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10367035865783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07496142387390137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7997389435768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.7423044443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7265682816505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.673932671546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5478971004486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777019822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390066","display_name":"Containment (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5031432509422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.46702221035957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4475215971469879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3351410925388336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14527267217636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10367035865783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07496142387390137}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-45648-1_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45648-1_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:13829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/13829/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book section"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490392516","https://openalex.org/W1517084470","https://openalex.org/W1545302157","https://openalex.org/W1559870885","https://openalex.org/W1564637213","https://openalex.org/W1569303443","https://openalex.org/W1588335385","https://openalex.org/W1825706767","https://openalex.org/W1946608631","https://openalex.org/W2086359275","https://openalex.org/W2096445092","https://openalex.org/W2098243945","https://openalex.org/W2144973245","https://openalex.org/W2150680956","https://openalex.org/W2157515101","https://openalex.org/W2500079794","https://openalex.org/W2583550762","https://openalex.org/W2917576601","https://openalex.org/W4254354208","https://openalex.org/W6630791311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1778728081","https://openalex.org/W2047793074","https://openalex.org/W1587224678","https://openalex.org/W2152524181","https://openalex.org/W3172386508","https://openalex.org/W1680480890","https://openalex.org/W2015253173","https://openalex.org/W2098059862","https://openalex.org/W2090686886","https://openalex.org/W1542369487"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
