{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1676783010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44842-x_60","title":"An Automatic Outline Fitting Algorithm for Arabic Characters","display_name":"An Automatic Outline Fitting Algorithm for Arabic Characters","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1676783010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44842-x_60","mag":"1676783010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44842-x_60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44842-x_60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053662486","display_name":"Muhammad Sarfraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-9132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Sarfraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box No. 1510, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box No. 1510, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003287905","display_name":"Murtaza Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-8019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box No. 1510, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box No. 1510, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053662486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91036159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"589","last_page":"598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8005646467208862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b\u00e9zier-curve","display_name":"B\u00e9zier curve","score":0.7413210272789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.676913857460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6653317809104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6482567191123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5719940066337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5261777639389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5097183585166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.46150141954421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41338348388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.38927170634269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15806454420089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11193475127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08534988760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08534649014472961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8005646467208862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206423108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214728","display_name":"B\u00e9zier curve","level":2,"score":0.7413210272789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.676913857460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6653317809104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6482567191123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5719940066337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5261777639389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5097183585166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.46150141954421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41338348388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38927170634269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15806454420089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11193475127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08534988760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08534649014472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44842-x_60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44842-x_60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597374389","https://openalex.org/W1498216430","https://openalex.org/W1566771236","https://openalex.org/W1567089276","https://openalex.org/W1580181063","https://openalex.org/W1974939198","https://openalex.org/W1986563622","https://openalex.org/W2082346459","https://openalex.org/W2090736344","https://openalex.org/W2172043944","https://openalex.org/W2254194537","https://openalex.org/W2997342094","https://openalex.org/W4247879900","https://openalex.org/W4255256513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588484110","https://openalex.org/W1566901819","https://openalex.org/W604003083","https://openalex.org/W597280011","https://openalex.org/W4310798948","https://openalex.org/W642060233","https://openalex.org/W4389314469","https://openalex.org/W1601953538","https://openalex.org/W4390362913","https://openalex.org/W2166486369"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}