{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1607287758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44674-5_21","title":"Unary Language Concatenation and Its State Complexity","display_name":"Unary Language Concatenation and Its State Complexity","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1607287758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44674-5_21","mag":"1607287758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44674-5_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44674-5_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029400752","display_name":"Giovanni Pighizzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Pighizzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e9 degli Studi di Milano, via Comelico 39, 20135, Milano, Italy","Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e9 degli Studi di Milano, via Comelico 39, 20135, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e9 degli Studi di Milano, via Comelico 39, 20135, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e9 degli Studi di Milano, via Comelico 39, 20135, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029400752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79662549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"252","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unary-operation","display_name":"Unary operation","score":0.9729005098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.955367922782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.7852936387062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7755999565124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-language","display_name":"Regular language","score":0.7487142086029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.6412209868431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5327083468437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.48270249366760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4129767417907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.33431941270828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33238470554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.31177303194999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3063929080963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18609333038330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11496144533157349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78023250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657596","display_name":"Unary operation","level":2,"score":0.9729005098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.955367922782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.7852936387062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7755999565124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52370388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752532","display_name":"Regular language","level":3,"score":0.7487142086029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.6412209868431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5327083468437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.48270249366760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4129767417907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33431941270828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33238470554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.31177303194999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3063929080963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18609333038330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11496144533157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44674-5_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44674-5_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519163652","https://openalex.org/W1525645762","https://openalex.org/W1595331547","https://openalex.org/W1598706676","https://openalex.org/W1945859206","https://openalex.org/W1969367179","https://openalex.org/W1971747251","https://openalex.org/W1979801752","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2006629323","https://openalex.org/W2074574452","https://openalex.org/W2095282951","https://openalex.org/W2117790020","https://openalex.org/W4302339081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555642749","https://openalex.org/W4210507006","https://openalex.org/W1607287758","https://openalex.org/W1972592804","https://openalex.org/W252108735","https://openalex.org/W935991341","https://openalex.org/W2510632068","https://openalex.org/W1971747251","https://openalex.org/W2020367883","https://openalex.org/W2492942125"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}