{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157838568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44640-0_15","title":"An Algorithmic Description of XCS","display_name":"An Algorithmic Description of XCS","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157838568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44640-0_15","mag":"2157838568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44640-0_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44640-0_15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075919503","display_name":"Martin V. Butz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-8537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin V. Butz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Psychology III & Department of Computer Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Psychology III & Department of Computer Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101761414","display_name":"Stewart W. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-1031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101304","display_name":"Prediction Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01abzsb47","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101304"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stewart W. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prediction Dynamics, Concord, MA 01742, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Prediction Dynamics, 01742, Concord, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prediction Dynamics, Concord, MA 01742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Prediction Dynamics, 01742, Concord, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":209,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98833998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"253","last_page":"272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9452000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8511327505111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5525038838386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48063555359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43657630681991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.39965009689331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3210359811782837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8511327505111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5525038838386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48063555359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43657630681991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.39965009689331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3210359811782837}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44640-0_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44640-0_15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137305107","https://openalex.org/W188191918","https://openalex.org/W190718632","https://openalex.org/W195633326","https://openalex.org/W1505421860","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1589018387","https://openalex.org/W1989101984","https://openalex.org/W2000659199","https://openalex.org/W2058727381","https://openalex.org/W2071311198","https://openalex.org/W2084028892","https://openalex.org/W2312609093","https://openalex.org/W2410791435","https://openalex.org/W2477329842","https://openalex.org/W2496221789","https://openalex.org/W3004042307","https://openalex.org/W3011120880","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6668024069","https://openalex.org/W6677916085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}