{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1499896189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44617-6_2","title":"Natural-Born Cyborgs?","display_name":"Natural-Born Cyborgs?","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1499896189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44617-6_2","mag":"1499896189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44617-6_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44617-6_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088506012","display_name":"Andy Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-8629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andy Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088506012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97474403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal","display_name":"Reciprocal","score":0.7339510321617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.707460343837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.6385595202445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.49565231800079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-systems","display_name":"Cognitive systems","score":0.4268154501914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4217827618122101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.16139909625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12658721208572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07995480298995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07936108112335205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.7339510321617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.707460343837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.6385595202445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.49565231800079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986342778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Cognitive systems","level":3,"score":0.4268154501914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4217827618122101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16139909625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12658721208572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07995480298995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07936108112335205}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44617-6_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44617-6_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W393180982","https://openalex.org/W567221703","https://openalex.org/W588200010","https://openalex.org/W601065116","https://openalex.org/W621418763","https://openalex.org/W636920547","https://openalex.org/W1499697689","https://openalex.org/W1506514354","https://openalex.org/W1591929908","https://openalex.org/W1969139884","https://openalex.org/W1977308918","https://openalex.org/W1983079498","https://openalex.org/W2016817019","https://openalex.org/W2020519455","https://openalex.org/W2047358124","https://openalex.org/W2071739800","https://openalex.org/W2085529605","https://openalex.org/W2124290596","https://openalex.org/W2133735566","https://openalex.org/W2397253692","https://openalex.org/W2469390141","https://openalex.org/W2798374369","https://openalex.org/W3145637508","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4236544382","https://openalex.org/W4241953145","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W6619545840","https://openalex.org/W7017697448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081348319","https://openalex.org/W3156433428","https://openalex.org/W1974622901","https://openalex.org/W4248151009","https://openalex.org/W3127991229","https://openalex.org/W2074627502","https://openalex.org/W1595924246","https://openalex.org/W1989424746","https://openalex.org/W2134632992","https://openalex.org/W4376623104"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}