{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1579348622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","title":"Fast and Accurate Handwritten Character Recognition Using Approximate Nearest Neighbours Search on Large Databases","display_name":"Fast and Accurate Handwritten Character Recognition Using Approximate Nearest Neighbours Search on Large Databases","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1579348622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","mag":"1579348622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004778394","display_name":"Juan-Carlos P\u00e9rez-Cort\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-090X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan C. P\u00e9rez-Cortes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050191079","display_name":"Rafael Llobet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-9740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Llobet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091139582","display_name":"Joaquim Arlandis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaquim Arlandis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5347,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82149047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"767","last_page":"776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7841736078262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-neighbour","display_name":"Nearest neighbour","score":0.6483417749404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6355651021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.601496160030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5986247658729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5633296370506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5497047901153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-neighbor-search","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","score":0.5259052515029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4731627106666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.43740713596343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.4121227562427521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38759660720825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34111660718917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.32680371403694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12829884886741638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7841736078262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983946233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4088109","display_name":"Nearest neighbour","level":2,"score":0.6483417749404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6355651021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.601496160030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5986247658729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5633296370506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5497047901153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116738811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608751","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","level":2,"score":0.5259052515029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4731627106666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.43740713596343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4121227562427521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38759660720825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34111660718917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.32680371403694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12829884886741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-44522-6_79.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1579348622.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1579348622.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23758216","https://openalex.org/W1554174647","https://openalex.org/W1564580329","https://openalex.org/W1564947197","https://openalex.org/W1580166843","https://openalex.org/W1587656418","https://openalex.org/W1605753349","https://openalex.org/W1965792156","https://openalex.org/W1991848143","https://openalex.org/W1994410331","https://openalex.org/W1998512964","https://openalex.org/W2020078173","https://openalex.org/W2024668293","https://openalex.org/W2024766881","https://openalex.org/W2050749090","https://openalex.org/W2088171019","https://openalex.org/W2090398718","https://openalex.org/W2097921974","https://openalex.org/W2103364086","https://openalex.org/W2104825867","https://openalex.org/W2106518186","https://openalex.org/W2106767554","https://openalex.org/W2107686700","https://openalex.org/W2118269922","https://openalex.org/W2123090446","https://openalex.org/W2127839699","https://openalex.org/W2147717514","https://openalex.org/W2151135734","https://openalex.org/W2169351022","https://openalex.org/W2170939707","https://openalex.org/W2238624099","https://openalex.org/W2427881153","https://openalex.org/W2913593540","https://openalex.org/W3036512766","https://openalex.org/W4241268786","https://openalex.org/W7062905887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312612713","https://openalex.org/W2013767392","https://openalex.org/W2892857623","https://openalex.org/W3190162935","https://openalex.org/W2595338207","https://openalex.org/W2042634493","https://openalex.org/W2728450881","https://openalex.org/W2100798736","https://openalex.org/W2481236784","https://openalex.org/W4383748232"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}