{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1516632679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12925-1_33","title":"The program dependence graph and its use in optimization","display_name":"The program dependence graph and its use in optimization","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1516632679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12925-1_33","mag":"1516632679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-12925-1_33","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12925-1_33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040000310","display_name":"Jeanne Ferrante","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeanne Ferrante","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, USA","IBM T.J. Watson research Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083832884","display_name":"Karl J. Ottenstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl J. Ottenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Math. and Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA",", Michigan Technological University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Math. and Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Michigan Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113597103","display_name":"Joe Warren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe D. Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA","Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040000310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.2273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":147,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"125","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-graph","display_name":"Control flow graph","score":0.807796835899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.68687504529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6517512798309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.6474708914756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6271567940711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-flow-diagram","display_name":"Data flow diagram","score":0.6217513084411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vectorization","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","score":0.5417720675468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-data-representation","display_name":"External Data Representation","score":0.4971010982990265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4959178864955902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-flow-analysis","display_name":"Data-flow analysis","score":0.4935058355331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4374632239341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependence-analysis","display_name":"Dependence analysis","score":0.42917400598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36680811643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2450105845928192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21055680513381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12873831391334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10975241661071777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27458966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187693","display_name":"Control flow graph","level":2,"score":0.807796835899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.68687504529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6517512798309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.6474708914756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6271567940711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C489000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747385","display_name":"Data flow diagram","level":2,"score":0.6217513084411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41681595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917855","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5417720675468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.4971010982990265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4959178864955902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88468194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172416","display_name":"Data-flow analysis","level":3,"score":0.4935058355331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4374632239341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27390822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320724","display_name":"Dependence analysis","level":2,"score":0.42917400598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36680811643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2450105845928192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21055680513381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12873831391334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10975241661071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/3-540-12925-1_33","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-12925-1_33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:michigantech-p-23307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/4005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.101.27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.101.27","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/less/reading/spring00/ferrante.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.116.2864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.116.2864","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.odu.edu/~cmo/classes/old/cs791sp05/readings/FerranteOttensteinWarren87.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152868167","https://openalex.org/W180816285","https://openalex.org/W1500590019","https://openalex.org/W1513250879","https://openalex.org/W1521430251","https://openalex.org/W1533942910","https://openalex.org/W1536051636","https://openalex.org/W1537374583","https://openalex.org/W1542147302","https://openalex.org/W1584403354","https://openalex.org/W1604802992","https://openalex.org/W1986906448","https://openalex.org/W1990199656","https://openalex.org/W1997765666","https://openalex.org/W2006982846","https://openalex.org/W2010556856","https://openalex.org/W2010905142","https://openalex.org/W2016366442","https://openalex.org/W2022043656","https://openalex.org/W2032854624","https://openalex.org/W2043555680","https://openalex.org/W2047615655","https://openalex.org/W2047891843","https://openalex.org/W2079573490","https://openalex.org/W2096139068","https://openalex.org/W2105816471","https://openalex.org/W2106530774","https://openalex.org/W2111379929","https://openalex.org/W2127637733","https://openalex.org/W2140311411","https://openalex.org/W2141109493","https://openalex.org/W2144344516","https://openalex.org/W2145759124","https://openalex.org/W2147088720","https://openalex.org/W2293624369","https://openalex.org/W2998487127","https://openalex.org/W3164763814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151163382","https://openalex.org/W1999711970","https://openalex.org/W2162436812","https://openalex.org/W1968803687","https://openalex.org/W3168189449","https://openalex.org/W2065971634","https://openalex.org/W4246225894","https://openalex.org/W2170158556","https://openalex.org/W2034103799","https://openalex.org/W1516632679"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}