{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1526601993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11737414_16","title":"Contracts as Pairs of Projections","display_name":"Contracts as Pairs of Projections","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1526601993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11737414_16","mag":"1526601993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11737414_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11737414_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081388086","display_name":"Robert Bruce Findler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bruce Findler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107211321","display_name":"M. Blume","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160992636","display_name":"Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02sn5gb64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Blume","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081388086"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.63,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97417208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"226","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7450118064880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion","display_name":"Assertion","score":0.733972430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-by-contract","display_name":"Design by contract","score":0.703761637210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obligation","display_name":"Obligation","score":0.5772466063499451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5279932022094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5094414353370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-management","display_name":"Contract management","score":0.48942533135414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quotient","display_name":"Quotient","score":0.4585222601890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-theory","display_name":"Contract theory","score":0.45009973645210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42633652687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3645128905773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3328269124031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3039866089820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2087889015674591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.20046275854110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.17417120933532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.14333167672157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.13367417454719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12725427746772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12644609808921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12588858604431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11770486831665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.10318225622177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.08005732297897339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7450118064880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.733972430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.703761637210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778447849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2648051","display_name":"Obligation","level":2,"score":0.5772466063499451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5279932022094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5094414353370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55451941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783273","display_name":"Contract management","level":2,"score":0.48942533135414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199422724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41118","display_name":"Quotient","level":2,"score":0.4585222601890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79301358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1918846","display_name":"Contract theory","level":2,"score":0.45009973645210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42633652687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3645128905773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3328269124031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3039866089820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2087889015674591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20046275854110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.17417120933532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.14333167672157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.13367417454719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12725427746772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12644609808921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12588858604431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11770486831665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10318225622177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.08005732297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/11737414_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11737414_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.164.8689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.164.8689","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uchicago.edu/files/tr_authentic/TR-2006-01.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.83.5188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.83.5188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~robby/pubs/papers/fb-tr2006-01.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.93.3892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.93.3892","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uchicago.edu/files/tr_authentic/TR-2005-15.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44553654","https://openalex.org/W204817905","https://openalex.org/W590909255","https://openalex.org/W1502038797","https://openalex.org/W1503941732","https://openalex.org/W1544818949","https://openalex.org/W1555946950","https://openalex.org/W1559686260","https://openalex.org/W1569068556","https://openalex.org/W1584704555","https://openalex.org/W1601712140","https://openalex.org/W1616272522","https://openalex.org/W1782169904","https://openalex.org/W1965673983","https://openalex.org/W1975575519","https://openalex.org/W1984514567","https://openalex.org/W2002301065","https://openalex.org/W2029786195","https://openalex.org/W2032777378","https://openalex.org/W2040479609","https://openalex.org/W2041042116","https://openalex.org/W2088735483","https://openalex.org/W2092351491","https://openalex.org/W2093541252","https://openalex.org/W2105142318","https://openalex.org/W2115484804","https://openalex.org/W2120352470","https://openalex.org/W2122295522","https://openalex.org/W2123357908","https://openalex.org/W2127114597","https://openalex.org/W2128303158","https://openalex.org/W2133206580","https://openalex.org/W2139626883","https://openalex.org/W2151716725","https://openalex.org/W2164859807","https://openalex.org/W2165121897","https://openalex.org/W2625932173","https://openalex.org/W2993019982","https://openalex.org/W3199565109","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603803647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4233335841","https://openalex.org/W2140622287","https://openalex.org/W2009166300","https://openalex.org/W1984580890","https://openalex.org/W2362825609","https://openalex.org/W2163062381","https://openalex.org/W2374094987","https://openalex.org/W4287388809","https://openalex.org/W2167994705","https://openalex.org/W2371815991"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}