{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1663315404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_27","title":"Ground Truth for Layout Analysis Performance Evaluation","display_name":"Ground Truth for Layout Analysis Performance Evaluation","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1663315404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_27","mag":"1663315404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11669487_27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_27","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_27.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_27.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033674031","display_name":"Apostolos Antonacopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-0233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Antonacopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom","Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029375723","display_name":"D\u00ecmosthenis Karatzas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8762-4454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Karatzas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 1BJ, United Kingdom","School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 1BJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090738156","display_name":"David Bridson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Bridson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom","Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (PRImA) Research Lab, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2512,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9349337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"302","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.9079238176345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8509887456893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6783785820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6750016212463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5735473036766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5534734725952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-ground","display_name":"Common ground","score":0.5447347164154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4979836940765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45786407589912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.43941348791122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4042860269546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3439255356788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3270675241947174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20244166254997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09463775157928467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.9079238176345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8509887456893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6783785820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6750016212463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5735473036766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5534734725952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.5447347164154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4979836940765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45786407589912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.43941348791122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4042860269546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3439255356788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3270675241947174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20244166254997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09463775157928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/11669487_27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_27","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_27.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:263543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.106.3624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.106.3624","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13543/1/DAS2006_Antonacopoulos_nonLNCS_version.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.127.6999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.127.6999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~prima/papers/DAS2006_LNCS3872_Antonacopoulos.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.575.1089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.575.1089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.karatzas.co.uk/papers/DAS2006_Antonacopoulos.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11669487_27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_27","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_27.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312768","display_name":"GCHQ","ror":"https://ror.org/052mq0r90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314707","display_name":"Government of the United Kingdom","ror":"https://ror.org/05wnh3t63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1663315404.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1663315404.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503330383","https://openalex.org/W1582966835","https://openalex.org/W1979243088","https://openalex.org/W2020895394","https://openalex.org/W2029836064","https://openalex.org/W2096210305","https://openalex.org/W2140439596","https://openalex.org/W2162031011","https://openalex.org/W2546095991","https://openalex.org/W4255372243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911489449","https://openalex.org/W1546315632","https://openalex.org/W1901124962","https://openalex.org/W2607325685","https://openalex.org/W3087224699","https://openalex.org/W2651679057","https://openalex.org/W8712222","https://openalex.org/W4307535225","https://openalex.org/W1997160662","https://openalex.org/W3097373745"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}