{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1538363165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_20","title":"Application of Bi-gram Driven Chinese Handwritten Character Segmentation for an Address Reading System","display_name":"Application of Bi-gram Driven Chinese Handwritten Character Segmentation for an Address Reading System","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1538363165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_20","mag":"1538363165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11669487_20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_20","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_20.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_20.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369178","display_name":"Yan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-5441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111988456","display_name":"Xiaoqing Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992907","display_name":"Qiang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7159-6515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101784381","display_name":"Zheng Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-0110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, D-78467, Konstanz, Germany","Siemens AG, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, D-78467, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2709,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40686484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"220","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7884753942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7762150168418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6223158836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6101928353309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.586118757724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.5496987104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.523235023021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5091192126274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5063766241073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.5047010183334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4867105782032013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47448113560676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.4640101194381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4390130043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37133052945137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.36192572116851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08530330657958984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7884753942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7762150168418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6223158836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6101928353309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.586118757724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.5496987104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.523235023021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5091192126274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5063766241073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5047010183334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4867105782032013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47448113560676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4640101194381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4390130043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37133052945137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.36192572116851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08530330657958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/11669487_20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_20","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_20.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11669487_20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11669487_20","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/11669487_20.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322923","display_name":"Siemens","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1538363165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1538363165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1871367359","https://openalex.org/W2054907104","https://openalex.org/W2082661140","https://openalex.org/W2110025586","https://openalex.org/W2124926930","https://openalex.org/W2125231209","https://openalex.org/W4214671568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145288231","https://openalex.org/W2371263218","https://openalex.org/W2092552144","https://openalex.org/W2354196777","https://openalex.org/W2965473297","https://openalex.org/W2108265183","https://openalex.org/W2257399947","https://openalex.org/W2248278495","https://openalex.org/W2386746909","https://openalex.org/W2387316851"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}