{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1521373230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562382_14","title":"Effective and Scalable Authorship Attribution Using Function Words","display_name":"Effective and Scalable Authorship Attribution Using Function Words","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1521373230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562382_14","mag":"1521373230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11562382_14","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562382_14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101647434","display_name":"Ying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9824-1966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Australia","School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041495909","display_name":"Justin Zobel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-032X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Zobel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Australia","School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101647434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87003676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"174","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.83256995677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8153537511825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6214653253555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5614583492279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.54631507396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5322570204734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5149043798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.49240410327911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.47950059175491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.462912380695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.44829654693603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.4296623468399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4025207757949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08525213599205017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.83256995677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8153537511825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6214653253555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5614583492279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.54631507396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5322570204734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5149043798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49240410327911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.47950059175491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.462912380695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.44829654693603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.4296623468399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4025207757949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08525213599205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/11562382_14","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562382_14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.rmit.edu.au:rmit:1811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:1811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.93.12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.93.12","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lingcog.iit.edu/~hotasob/hawk/RL_Papers/AA_FWs.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11246621250001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1007/11562382_14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27336123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27336123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145119569","https://openalex.org/W1495524224","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1513211366","https://openalex.org/W1554215549","https://openalex.org/W1560071265","https://openalex.org/W1606247040","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1912123407","https://openalex.org/W2008513264","https://openalex.org/W2009312480","https://openalex.org/W2013568550","https://openalex.org/W2032459394","https://openalex.org/W2064762878","https://openalex.org/W2072994259","https://openalex.org/W2083199656","https://openalex.org/W2097532520","https://openalex.org/W2107317033","https://openalex.org/W2111802712","https://openalex.org/W2113304843","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2123504579","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2129070169","https://openalex.org/W2137334650","https://openalex.org/W2147169507","https://openalex.org/W2168547935","https://openalex.org/W2170112109","https://openalex.org/W2180101149","https://openalex.org/W2917556080","https://openalex.org/W3175327519","https://openalex.org/W4205167092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035546108","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2376361520","https://openalex.org/W2133328864","https://openalex.org/W2093949997","https://openalex.org/W2570200690","https://openalex.org/W2389726244","https://openalex.org/W3030478661","https://openalex.org/W2323536476","https://openalex.org/W4321353415"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
