{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1523415694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562214_78","title":"Regularisation Techniques for Conditional Random Fields: Parameterised Versus Parameter-Free","display_name":"Regularisation Techniques for Conditional Random Fields: Parameterised Versus Parameter-Free","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1523415694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562214_78","mag":"1523415694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11562214_78","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562214_78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081293923","display_name":"Andrew Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058230090","display_name":"Miles Osborne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miles Osborne","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081293923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70235467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"896","last_page":"907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.9625528454780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.917055606842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.7797345519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7087178230285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.64008629322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.6262746453285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6202813386917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4568302631378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36748552322387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20116618275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.18993616104125977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.9625528454780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.917055606842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.7797345519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7087178230285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.64008629322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.6262746453285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6202813386917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4568302631378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36748552322387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20116618275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.18993616104125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/11562214_78","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11562214_78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534730506","https://openalex.org/W1595840999","https://openalex.org/W1932968309","https://openalex.org/W1981791873","https://openalex.org/W2011873184","https://openalex.org/W2076467305","https://openalex.org/W2098921539","https://openalex.org/W2102667697","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2148124601","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2160911526","https://openalex.org/W2163306339","https://openalex.org/W2167216307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W182104056","https://openalex.org/W2111726165","https://openalex.org/W2011251309","https://openalex.org/W2511246383","https://openalex.org/W3108423214","https://openalex.org/W2796133761","https://openalex.org/W3088215229","https://openalex.org/W2184553228"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
