{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1519344099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11539117_126","title":"An Improved Immune Algorithm and Its Evaluation of Optimization Efficiency","display_name":"An Improved Immune Algorithm and Its Evaluation of Optimization Efficiency","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1519344099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11539117_126","mag":"1519344099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11539117_126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11539117_126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003436317","display_name":"Chengzhi Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengzhi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012729267","display_name":"Bo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4859-621X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060093617","display_name":"Bin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-1166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043383546","display_name":"Yijia Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-6452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijia Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003436317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82706002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"895","last_page":"904"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-selection","display_name":"Clonal selection","score":0.75856614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6934518814086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-selection-algorithm","display_name":"Clonal selection algorithm","score":0.612701952457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-immune-system","display_name":"Artificial immune system","score":0.5929094552993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5745083093643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5578410625457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5386102199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5136691927909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-of-distribution-algorithm","display_name":"Estimation of distribution algorithm","score":0.49003756046295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48475024104118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.43460190296173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22346875071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19762328267097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.058781951665878296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150780","display_name":"Clonal selection","level":2,"score":0.75856614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6934518814086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778138027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134949","display_name":"Clonal selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.612701952457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93768804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518735","display_name":"Artificial immune system","level":2,"score":0.5929094552993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5745083093643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5578410625457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5386102199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5136691927909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162500139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835887","display_name":"Estimation of distribution algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49003756046295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48475024104118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.43460190296173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22346875071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19762328267097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.058781951665878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/11539117_126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11539117_126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1865735874","https://openalex.org/W2164934768","https://openalex.org/W2338717024","https://openalex.org/W2358598223","https://openalex.org/W2360067178","https://openalex.org/W2386977835","https://openalex.org/W2387221469","https://openalex.org/W4232078476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374810494","https://openalex.org/W2030638898","https://openalex.org/W2081539367","https://openalex.org/W2389668408","https://openalex.org/W3097375998","https://openalex.org/W1524585208","https://openalex.org/W2093272700","https://openalex.org/W2127174963","https://openalex.org/W2103859490","https://openalex.org/W3145928885"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}