{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152684441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11424857_36","title":"Semantic Annotation of Biomedical Literature Using Google","display_name":"Semantic Annotation of Biomedical Literature Using Google","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152684441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11424857_36","mag":"2152684441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/11424857_36","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11424857_36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044967495","display_name":"Rune S\u00e6tre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rune S\u00e6tre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072229837","display_name":"Amund Tveit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amund Tveit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Norwegian Center for Patient Record Research, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Center for Patient Record Research, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088541838","display_name":"Tonje S. Steigedal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-0117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tonje S. Steigedal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084054353","display_name":"Astrid L\u00e6greid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3941-4257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Astrid L\u00e6greid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science, and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94763493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"327","last_page":"337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6664244532585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5692293047904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5064653158187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-annotation","display_name":"Semantic annotation","score":0.44767510890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3887467384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3203188478946686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2896486818790436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6664244532585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5692293047904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5064653158187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985727698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Semantic annotation","level":3,"score":0.44767510890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3887467384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3203188478946686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2896486818790436}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/11424857_36","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/11424857_36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7119368","https://openalex.org/W140050836","https://openalex.org/W957639803","https://openalex.org/W1528758625","https://openalex.org/W1547083634","https://openalex.org/W1550786841","https://openalex.org/W1592053870","https://openalex.org/W1995496265","https://openalex.org/W2001658101","https://openalex.org/W2008085355","https://openalex.org/W2036373663","https://openalex.org/W2041904585","https://openalex.org/W2056798512","https://openalex.org/W2058511572","https://openalex.org/W2061327015","https://openalex.org/W2095966554","https://openalex.org/W2097058215","https://openalex.org/W2118618483","https://openalex.org/W2135912801","https://openalex.org/W2144001613","https://openalex.org/W2145061489","https://openalex.org/W2148540243","https://openalex.org/W2148853951","https://openalex.org/W2152698860","https://openalex.org/W2159203162","https://openalex.org/W2165270659","https://openalex.org/W2166337977","https://openalex.org/W2166474856","https://openalex.org/W2169463693","https://openalex.org/W2328699942","https://openalex.org/W2341078838","https://openalex.org/W2532459462","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369337446","https://openalex.org/W2126412646","https://openalex.org/W4385569300","https://openalex.org/W2574165153","https://openalex.org/W2251095918","https://openalex.org/W2206855020","https://openalex.org/W2105339902","https://openalex.org/W2972508764","https://openalex.org/W1978635732","https://openalex.org/W2900565345"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}