{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1588088186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10704282_8","title":"A Modified Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for MRI Bias Field Estimation and Adaptive Segmentation","display_name":"A Modified Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for MRI Bias Field Estimation and Adaptive Segmentation","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1588088186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10704282_8","mag":"1588088186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/10704282_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10704282_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/10704282_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/10704282_8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878097","display_name":"M.N. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9617-8758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. N. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063969661","display_name":"S.M. Yamany","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Yamany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113499613","display_name":"Nebras Ahmed Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9629-8692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101609958","display_name":"Amal Farag","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Farag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Processing Lab, Univ. of Louisville, E.E. Dept., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0676,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73236515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"72","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6871395707130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.681961178779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6127159595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5693130493164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5621011257171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5119165182113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5092610120773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.43676796555519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.4307732582092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.4277160167694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3977597653865814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38594338297843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2466283142566681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6871395707130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.681961178779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6127159595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5693130493164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5621011257171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5119165182113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5092610120773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.43676796555519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.4307732582092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4277160167694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3977597653865814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38594338297843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2466283142566681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/10704282_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10704282_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/10704282_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/10704282_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10704282_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/10704282_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1588088186.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1588088186.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536754541","https://openalex.org/W1576655571","https://openalex.org/W2022495783","https://openalex.org/W2064819030","https://openalex.org/W2108506514","https://openalex.org/W2115772934","https://openalex.org/W2124706358","https://openalex.org/W2145447518","https://openalex.org/W2156992893","https://openalex.org/W2162630772","https://openalex.org/W2167272712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W52840052","https://openalex.org/W3027020613","https://openalex.org/W2016533837","https://openalex.org/W3162837891","https://openalex.org/W1687852313","https://openalex.org/W3167885074","https://openalex.org/W3029243869","https://openalex.org/W2502336004","https://openalex.org/W1741504538","https://openalex.org/W2807823906"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}