{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2401789027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-102-4_1","title":"Extracting Finite Structure from Infinite Language","display_name":"Extracting Finite Structure from Infinite Language","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2401789027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-102-4_1","mag":"2401789027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/1-84628-102-4_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-102-4_1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXI","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048671504","display_name":"Tim McQueen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. McQueen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063526991","display_name":"Adrian A. Hopgood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-5799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Hopgood","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039883645","display_name":"Trevor Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-7914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. J. Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Trent University, UK","School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Trent University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047102448","display_name":"Jonathan Tepper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7339-0132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. Tepper","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing & Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048671504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19652723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.6406512260437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6314437985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5971766710281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5840807557106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5405683517456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5361909866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.495547890663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.48608067631721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-set","display_name":"Finite set","score":0.47914808988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.47554895281791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.467556357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4457642138004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.4247214198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-induction","display_name":"Grammar induction","score":0.4221609830856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39959150552749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34239137172698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23270156979560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.13911521434783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.13822397589683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.11800655722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10185101628303528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.6406512260437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6314437985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5971766710281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5840807557106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5405683517456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5361909866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.495547890663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.48608067631721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162392398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272404","display_name":"Finite set","level":2,"score":0.47914808988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.47554895281791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.467556357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4457642138004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.4247214198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56601403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593673","display_name":"Grammar induction","level":3,"score":0.4221609830856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39959150552749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34239137172698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23270156979560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.13911521434783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.13822397589683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11800655722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10185101628303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/1-84628-102-4_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-102-4_1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXI","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572739059","https://openalex.org/W1581242383","https://openalex.org/W1603900533","https://openalex.org/W1969005071","https://openalex.org/W2048360155","https://openalex.org/W2082389353","https://openalex.org/W2120339295","https://openalex.org/W2121553911","https://openalex.org/W2149608381","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2346626577","https://openalex.org/W2745008500","https://openalex.org/W2941502691","https://openalex.org/W4206415992","https://openalex.org/W4213332169","https://openalex.org/W4254816979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205841273","https://openalex.org/W4205525690","https://openalex.org/W1761388607","https://openalex.org/W1524177496","https://openalex.org/W1982370770","https://openalex.org/W2068036649","https://openalex.org/W209703074","https://openalex.org/W2070632019","https://openalex.org/W2049401516","https://openalex.org/W2132109814"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}