{"id":"https://openalex.org/W37455899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","title":"Decision Making in Avalanche Terrain","display_name":"Decision Making in Avalanche Terrain","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W37455899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","mag":"37455899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463519","display_name":"Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP International Federation for Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085228679","display_name":"Urs Gruber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148809","display_name":"Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/05mrk2t44","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148809"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Urs Gruber","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSL Swiss Federal Institut for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Fl\u00fcelastrasse 11, CH-7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland","WSL Swiss Federal Institut for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WSL Swiss Federal Institut for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Fl\u00fcelastrasse 11, CH-7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WSL Swiss Federal Institut for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148809"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085228679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456","https://openalex.org/I4210148809"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01700027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"147","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7746924161911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6548869609832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5160276889801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5050998330116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4942152798175812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.42996153235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3717026114463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24001652002334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22887176275253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18561771512031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.13047724962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10870498418807983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7746924161911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6548869609832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5160276889801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5050998330116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4942152798175812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.42996153235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3717026114463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24001652002334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22887176275253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18561771512031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13047724962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10870498418807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463519","display_name":"Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP International Federation for Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:wsl_20922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A20922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1-4020-8153-7_10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463519","display_name":"Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IFIP International Federation for Information Processing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W37455899.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W37455899.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9616294","https://openalex.org/W152455212","https://openalex.org/W201602620","https://openalex.org/W202665514","https://openalex.org/W619803694","https://openalex.org/W1493988441","https://openalex.org/W1499253749","https://openalex.org/W1505207592","https://openalex.org/W1975616469","https://openalex.org/W2067404458","https://openalex.org/W2139576633","https://openalex.org/W2731831192","https://openalex.org/W3021623485","https://openalex.org/W3049262729","https://openalex.org/W4210651582","https://openalex.org/W4234113700","https://openalex.org/W4236998873","https://openalex.org/W6608172124","https://openalex.org/W6619362503","https://openalex.org/W6629469573","https://openalex.org/W6776912829","https://openalex.org/W7044179081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W2952704802","https://openalex.org/W4294565801","https://openalex.org/W2142306706","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W308652608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"errors":[1],"are":[2,74,111,173],"well":[3,76,168],"recognised":[4],"in":[5,78,147],"avalanche":[6,16,45,58,66,104],"education":[7],"as":[8,113,167,169],"one":[9],"of":[10,64,70,118,188],"the":[11,62,116,119,121,143,152,154,182,186,197],"most":[12],"important":[13],"factors":[14],"causing":[15],"accidents.":[17],"However,":[18],"to":[19,25,28,43,53,84,124,140,157],"date":[20],"no":[21],"adequate":[22],"methods":[23],"exist":[24],"enable":[26],"people":[27,73],"learn":[29],"about":[30],"their":[31],"own":[32],"human":[33,133],"weaknesses":[34],"and":[35,72,136,165],"ameliorate":[36],"them.":[37],"A":[38],"second":[39],"problem":[40],"that":[41,48,128,138,142,161,181],"contributes":[42],"many":[44,159],"accidents":[46],"is":[47,50,67,101,129,145],"it":[49],"not":[51,75],"possible":[52],"exactly":[54],"predict,":[55],"when":[56],"an":[57,65],"will":[59],"occur,":[60],"since":[61],"triggering":[63],"a":[68,89,92,126,148,177],"matter":[69],"probability":[71,178],"educated":[77],"dealing":[79],"with":[80,107],"probabilities.":[81],"In":[82],"order":[83],"overcome":[85],"these":[86],"two":[87,132],"deficiencies,":[88],"concept":[90],"for":[91,97],"role-playing":[93],"computer":[94],"simulation":[95],"tool":[96],"backcountry":[98],"ski":[99,109],"guides":[100],"presented.":[102],"Well-documented":[103],"accidents,":[105],"mixed":[106],"non-avalanche":[108],"trips,":[110],"chosen":[112],"scenarios.":[114],"At":[115],"start":[117],"play,":[120],"role-player":[122,183],"has":[123,156],"choose":[125],"role":[127],"defined":[130],"by":[131],"factors,":[134],"ambition":[135,164],"popularity,":[137],"aim":[139],"ensure":[141],"player":[144,155],"acting":[146],"realistic":[149],"manner.":[150],"During":[151],"simulation,":[153],"make":[158],"decisions":[160],"influence":[162],"his":[163,170],"popularity":[166],"safety.":[171],"Avalanches":[172],"triggered":[174],"based":[175],"on":[176],"function":[179],"such":[180],"can":[184],"experience":[185],"consequences":[187],"relatively":[189],"small":[190],"occurrence":[191],"probabilities":[192],"and,":[193],"subsequently,":[194],"better":[195],"understands":[196],"existing":[198],"risk":[199],"management":[200],"rules.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}