{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1568324739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34805-0_13","title":"Bit Commitment Using Pseudo-Randomness","display_name":"Bit Commitment Using Pseudo-Randomness","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1568324739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34805-0_13","mag":"1568324739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/0-387-34805-0_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34805-0_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002372704","display_name":"Moni Naor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-0221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moni Naor","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San-Jose, CA, 95120","IBM Almaden Research Center,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San-Jose, CA, 95120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002372704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":207,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98439347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"128","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.8630852699279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.855845034122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.7949163913726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6152007579803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.5264357328414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-array","display_name":"Bit array","score":0.48743537068367004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.47748538851737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4525564908981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3911624550819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3731954097747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3699108064174652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31459173560142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24391263723373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12555378675460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09436479210853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0891965925693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.05308634042739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.05164217948913574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.8630852699279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.855845034122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.7949163913726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6152007579803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.5264357328414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150807984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1992074","display_name":"Bit array","level":3,"score":0.48743537068367004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.47748538851737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4525564908981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3911624550819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3731954097747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3699108064174652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31459173560142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24391263723373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12555378675460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09436479210853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0891965925693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.05308634042739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.05164217948913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25197100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890886","display_name":"Drilling","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/0-387-34805-0_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34805-0_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.28.1029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.28.1029","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/PAPERS/bit.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.696.3021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.696.3021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/%7Enaor/PAPERS/bit.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.721.6076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.721.6076","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-cs.ccny.cuny.edu/%7Efazio/F15-csc85030/readings/Nao01.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76185347","https://openalex.org/W1555780274","https://openalex.org/W1974751157","https://openalex.org/W2014860393","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2064423787","https://openalex.org/W2096604262","https://openalex.org/W2107324709","https://openalex.org/W2117362057","https://openalex.org/W2148373594","https://openalex.org/W2151433956","https://openalex.org/W2164284862","https://openalex.org/W3150645827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W1989613568","https://openalex.org/W2247946197","https://openalex.org/W2008913188","https://openalex.org/W4378574941"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}