{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7113903361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.70267","title":"Application of <scp>MLEM</scp> \u2010 <scp>TV</scp> Algorithm in Diffuse Correlation Tomography Blood Flow Imaging","display_name":"Application of <scp>MLEM</scp> \u2010 <scp>TV</scp> Algorithm in Diffuse Correlation Tomography Blood Flow Imaging","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7113903361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.70267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.70267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.70267","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ima.70267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ima.70267","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zicheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2208-6110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zicheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Shanxi University  Taiyuan Shanxi China","Shanxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication and Detection  Taiyuan Shanxi China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2208-6110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Shanxi University  Taiyuan Shanxi China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication and Detection  Taiyuan Shanxi China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dalin Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148119","display_name":"Luliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05495v729","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148119"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology Department Lvliang People's Hospital  Lvliang Shanxi China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department Lvliang People's Hospital  Lvliang Shanxi China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Juanjuan Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115395","display_name":"Taiyuan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0fkx94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanjuan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology  Taiyuan Shanxi China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology  Taiyuan Shanxi China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaojuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-1720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115395","display_name":"Taiyuan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0fkx94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115395"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148119","display_name":"Luliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05495v729","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148119"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology Department Lvliang People's Hospital  Lvliang Shanxi China","School of Electronic Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology  Taiyuan Shanxi China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-1720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department Lvliang People's Hospital  Lvliang Shanxi China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology  Taiyuan Shanxi China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115395","https://openalex.org/I4210148119"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59980326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.7142000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.7142000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.04699999839067459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6365000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-flow","display_name":"Blood flow","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.31349998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6365000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158846371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Blood flow","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163018871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302587","display_name":"Cross-correlation","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7820109","display_name":"Reconstruction algorithm","level":3,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155175808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326472","display_name":"Electrical impedance tomography","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135691158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168308","display_name":"Perfusion scanning","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.70267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.70267","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ima.70267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.70267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.70267","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ima.70267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3599896623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202203021212325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331088","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331088","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7113903361.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7113903361.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007492138","https://openalex.org/W2012977177","https://openalex.org/W2038725456","https://openalex.org/W2042547774","https://openalex.org/W2055660549","https://openalex.org/W2092757778","https://openalex.org/W2130604180","https://openalex.org/W2168242542","https://openalex.org/W2606473771","https://openalex.org/W2618591258","https://openalex.org/W2619712456","https://openalex.org/W2800972367","https://openalex.org/W3042846994","https://openalex.org/W3161793784","https://openalex.org/W3193409502","https://openalex.org/W4313518489","https://openalex.org/W4360603601","https://openalex.org/W4393986337","https://openalex.org/W4401894992"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Diffuse":[1],"correlation":[2],"tomography":[3],"(DCT)":[4],"reconstructs":[5],"the":[6,22,26,34,39,46,56,81,87,92,108,117,120,127,138,141,147,152,162,179,184,192],"motion":[7,32,40],"velocity":[8,149],"of":[9,28,36,41,86,111,130,140,169],"scatterers":[10,42],"(blood":[11],"flow":[12,210],"index,":[13],"BFI)":[14],"within":[15],"biological":[16],"tissues":[17],"by":[18],"using":[19,49],"information":[20],"from":[21,91],"escaped":[23],"photons.":[24],"Given":[25],"randomness":[27],"a":[29,50,66,73],"single":[30],"scatterer":[31],"and":[33,94,105,113,124,132,156,215],"determinism":[35],"particle":[37],"swarm,":[38],"was":[43,103,122,144],"analyzed":[44],"for":[45,63,200,206],"first":[47],"time":[48],"probabilistic\u2010statistical":[51],"method.":[52],"This":[53],"study":[54],"applied":[55],"maximum":[57],"likelihood":[58],"expectation":[59],"maximization":[60],"(MLEM)":[61],"algorithm":[62,194,199],"DCT,":[64],"integrating":[65],"total":[67],"variation":[68],"(TV)":[69],"regularization":[70],"model":[71],"as":[72,161],"constraint":[74],"to":[75],"enhance":[76],"BFI":[77,177,201],"reconstruction.":[78],"In":[79,135],"simulation,":[80],"mean":[82],"absolute":[83],"error":[84],"(MAE)":[85],"cross\u2010shaped":[88,142],"anomaly,":[89,119,151],"reconstructed":[90],"noise\u2010free":[93],"noisy":[95],"autocorrelation":[96],"function":[97],"g":[98],"1":[99],"(":[100],"\u03c4":[101],"),":[102],"0.0962":[104],"0.1831,":[106],"with":[107,126,203],"corresponding":[109,128],"contrast":[110,129,139,153],"8.25":[112],"6.42,":[114],"respectively.":[115,134],"For":[116,146],"two\u2010dot":[118],"MAE":[121],"0.0293":[123],"0.0452,":[125],"4.07":[131],"3.08,":[133],"phantom":[136],"experiments,":[137],"anomaly":[143],"0.59.":[145],"controllable":[148],"tubular":[150],"(1.42,":[154],"1.95,":[155],"2.49)":[157],"is":[158,165],"gradually":[159],"enhanced":[160],"pump":[163],"speed":[164],"elevated.":[166],"Clinical":[167],"tests":[168],"calf":[170],"skeletal":[171,216],"muscle":[172,217],"revealed":[173],"approximately":[174],"tenfold":[175],"higher":[176],"in":[178,183,212],"relaxed":[180],"state":[181],"than":[182],"cuff":[185],"occlusion":[186],"state.":[187],"The":[188],"result":[189],"demonstrates":[190],"that":[191],"MLEM\u2010TV":[193],"can":[195],"be":[196],"an":[197],"alternative":[198],"reconstruction,":[202],"potential":[204],"applications":[205],"detecting":[207],"abnormal":[208],"blood":[209],"perfusion":[211],"cerebral,":[213],"breast,":[214],"pathology.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-11T00:00:00"}