{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128375465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70425","title":"Circular Patch 1\u2009\u00d7\u20092 Active Antenna Array for 5G Applications","display_name":"Circular Patch 1\u2009\u00d7\u20092 Active Antenna Array for 5G Applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128375465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/dac.70425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175310385","display_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","issn_l":"1074-5351","issn":["1074-5351","1099-1131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125414287","display_name":"Ahmed\u00a0A. Al\u2010Mudhafar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155527","display_name":"Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hsvhf62","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed\u00a0A. Al\u2010Mudhafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Technologies Engineering, Engineering Technical College Al\u2010Furat Al\u2010Awsat Technical University  Najaf Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Technologies Engineering, Engineering Technical College Al\u2010Furat Al\u2010Awsat Technical University  Najaf Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125414287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68951758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.8841000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.8841000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patch-antenna","display_name":"Patch antenna","score":0.5981000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-measurement","display_name":"Antenna measurement","score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-gain","display_name":"Antenna gain","score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.385699987411499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159238334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419428","display_name":"Patch antenna","level":3,"score":0.5981000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81183938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251537","display_name":"Antenna gain","level":5,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196931383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771253","display_name":"Antenna factor","level":4,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1007738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Radiation properties","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119439620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568420","display_name":"Antenna tuner","level":5,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137705275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571946","display_name":"Antenna aperture","level":4,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26262908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307489","display_name":"Input impedance","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639055","display_name":"Microstrip","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777403171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7578732","display_name":"Splitter","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/dac.70425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175310385","display_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","issn_l":"1074-5351","issn":["1074-5351","1099-1131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7709558010101318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2634813279","https://openalex.org/W3148549807","https://openalex.org/W3158345804","https://openalex.org/W3193793947","https://openalex.org/W3210260041","https://openalex.org/W4224217300","https://openalex.org/W4296191191","https://openalex.org/W4390779920","https://openalex.org/W4401407507","https://openalex.org/W4405439989","https://openalex.org/W4405584560","https://openalex.org/W4406469482","https://openalex.org/W4406820843","https://openalex.org/W4410567410","https://openalex.org/W4410721933","https://openalex.org/W4413886974","https://openalex.org/W4413946303"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"This":[1,47],"paper":[2],"presents":[3],"the":[4,29,82,87,134,211,226],"design":[5],"and":[6,43,63,76,96,100,116,130,166,175,206],"implementation":[7],"of":[8,69,74,80,98,162,192,196,200,204,209,225],"a":[9,40,44,67,77,108,117,141,163,189,215],"high\u2010gain":[10],"1":[11],"\u00d7":[12],"2":[13],"active":[14,227],"microstrip":[15],"patch":[16,32,37,48,120],"antenna":[17,90,105,136,158,228],"array":[18,91,106,229],"for":[19,234],"sub\u20106\u2010GHz":[20],"5G":[21],"wireless":[22,237],"communication":[23,238],"applications.":[24],"Three":[25],"structures":[26],"set":[27],"apart":[28],"modified":[30],"conventional":[31],"design:":[33],"an":[34,72,113,127,131,231],"octagonal":[35],"conductive":[36],"embedded":[38],"in":[39,51,153,170,218,244],"square":[41],"frame":[42],"circular":[45,119],"ring.":[46],"shows":[49],"improvements":[50],"critical":[52],"parameters":[53],"such":[54,125,240],"as":[55,126,241],"radiation":[56,78,176,207,223],"efficiency,":[57],"gain,":[58,174],"impedance":[59,171],"matching,":[60,172],"directivity,":[61],"bandwidth,":[62,173],"half\u2010power":[64],"beamwidth.":[65],"With":[66,122,188],"bandwidth":[68,199],"200":[70],"MHz,":[71,202],"HPBW":[73,203],"44\u00b0,":[75],"efficiency":[79,177,208],"82.3%,":[81],"measured":[83],"results":[84],"show":[85,214],"that":[86],"suggested":[88],"passive":[89,123],"may":[92],"achieve":[93],"maximum":[94,190],"gain":[95,191],"directivity":[97,195],"6.1":[99],"7.27":[101],"dBi,":[102,194,198],"respectively.":[103],"The":[104,150,221],"combines":[107],"new":[109],"coupling\u2010loss":[110],"compensation":[111],"method,":[112],"RF":[114,128,132],"amplifier,":[115],"redesigned":[118],"construction.":[121],"components,":[124],"splitter":[129],"combiner,":[133],"two":[135],"elements":[137],"are":[138],"connected":[139],"to":[140],"common":[142],"amplifier":[143,183],"via":[144],"50\u2010\u03a9":[145],"arc":[146],"transmission":[147],"coupling":[148,184],"lines.":[149],"methodology":[151],"used":[152,243],"its":[154],"development":[155],"includes":[156],"compact":[157],"geometry,":[159],"prototype":[160],"construction":[161],"low\u2010loss":[164],"substrate,":[165],"experimental":[167,212],"verification.":[168],"Improvements":[169],"can":[178],"be":[179],"achieved":[180],"by":[181],"combining":[182],"with":[185],"structural":[186],"optimization.":[187],"18.15":[193],"19.2":[197],"320":[201],"73\u00b0,":[205],"94.7%,":[210],"findings":[213],"99.9%":[216],"increase":[217],"matching":[219],"efficiency.":[220],"excellent":[222],"characteristics":[224],"establish":[230],"efficient":[232],"pathway":[233],"advancing":[235],"fifth\u2010generation":[236],"systems,":[239],"those":[242],"tablets.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-10T19:14:54.419558","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}
