{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010933775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630280107","title":"On indexing, retrieval and the meaning of about","display_name":"On indexing, retrieval and the meaning of about","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010933775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630280107","mag":"2010933775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/asi.4630280107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630280107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109788435","display_name":"M. E. Maron","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. E. Maron","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Library and Information Studies University of California Berkeley, CA 94720","School of Library & Information Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Library and Information Studies University of California Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Library & Information Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109788435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.3095,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9884733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9377999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13963","display_name":"Organizational Management and Leadership","score":0.90420001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.8340781331062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.7126717567443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.705311119556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-retrieval","display_name":"Document retrieval","score":0.5608984231948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5473816394805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.480561763048172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46181145310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.41664785146713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18707698583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1407540738582611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.8340781331062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.7126717567443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.705311119556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161156560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638872","display_name":"Document retrieval","level":2,"score":0.5608984231948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5473816394805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.480561763048172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46181145310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.41664785146713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18707698583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1407540738582611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/asi.4630280107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630280107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220780","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","issn_l":"0002-8231","issn":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W565145897","https://openalex.org/W1994559819","https://openalex.org/W2066940528","https://openalex.org/W2082729696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024364549","https://openalex.org/W4206019083","https://openalex.org/W2048865712","https://openalex.org/W1976265003","https://openalex.org/W2370378377","https://openalex.org/W4237510188","https://openalex.org/W2130160813","https://openalex.org/W2389273994","https://openalex.org/W2188505374","https://openalex.org/W2028546017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,40],"primary":[2],"objective":[3,135],"of":[4,12,68,77,87,97,107,119,123,130,136,154,212],"this":[5,100,105,137],"paper":[6,101,138,204],"is":[7,16,32,34,44,47,61,73,139,208],"to":[8,56,82,113,140,162,169,175,192,210],"examine":[9],"the":[10,75,94,114,148,176,182,186,193],"concept":[11,96,106,150],"about":[13,36,43,72,108,124,127,143,181],"as":[14],"it":[15,46,60,117],"used":[17],"in":[18,128,145,151],"its":[19],"information":[20,201],"retrieval":[21,159],"sense":[22],"when,":[23],"for":[24],"example,":[25],"an":[26,120],"indexer":[27],"judges":[28],"that":[29,45,142,178,195,199],"a":[30,48,111,152,164,170],"document":[31,155,158],"(or":[33],"not)":[35],"some":[37],"given":[38],"subject.":[39],"problem":[41,115],"with":[42],"very":[49],"complex":[50],"notion":[51],"and":[52,109],"we":[53,62,65,81,90,102],"are":[54,80,180],"unable":[55],"say":[57],"precisely":[58,93],"what":[59],"do":[63],"when":[64],"make":[66],"judgment":[67],"aboutness":[69,207],".":[70],"Since":[71],"at":[74,104],"heart":[76],"indexing,":[78],"how":[79,206],"formulate":[83],"any":[84],"proper":[85],"theory":[86,153],"indexing":[88],"if":[89],"cannot":[91],"explicate":[92],"key":[95],"about?":[98],"In":[99],"look":[103],"offer":[110],"solution":[112],"mentioned;":[116],"consists":[118],"operational":[121],"definition":[122],"which":[125],"interprets":[126],"terms":[129],"search":[131,171],"behavior.":[132],"A":[133,157],"second":[134],"show":[141],"is,":[144],"fact,":[146],"not":[147,173],"central":[149],"retrieval.":[156],"system":[160],"ought":[161],"provide":[163],"ranked":[165],"output":[166],"(in":[167],"response":[168],"query)":[172],"according":[174,191],"degree":[177],"they":[179,196],"topic":[183],"sought":[184],"by":[185],"inquiring":[187],"patron,":[188],"but":[189],"rather":[190],"probability":[194,211],"will":[197],"satisfy":[198],"person's":[200],"need.":[202],"This":[203],"shows":[205],"related":[209],"satisfaction.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}