{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974702507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119434412.ch6","title":"Empirical Estimation of Natural Geoelectric Hazards","display_name":"Empirical Estimation of Natural Geoelectric Hazards","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974702507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119434412.ch6","mag":"2974702507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781119434412.ch6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119434412.ch6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764668805","display_name":"Geophysical monograph","issn_l":"0065-8448","issn":["0065-8448","2328-8779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Monograph Series","raw_type":"other"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065260177","display_name":"Jeffrey J. Love","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey J. Love","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomagnetism Program, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomagnetism Program, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074299760","display_name":"Paul A. Bedrosian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A. Bedrosian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075822850","display_name":"Anna Kelbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-398X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Kelbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomagnetism Program, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomagnetism Program, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037394360","display_name":"Greg Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-1863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg M. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomagnetism Program, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomagnetism Program, United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7143973112106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetotellurics","display_name":"Magnetotellurics","score":0.6749733686447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-magnetic-field","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","score":0.6724270582199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.5930535793304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storm","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","score":0.5565913915634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm","display_name":"Storm","score":0.5534954071044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.5352082848548889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-survey","display_name":"Magnetic survey","score":0.4603862762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrapolation","display_name":"Extrapolation","score":0.4304564297199249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.42758506536483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-anomaly","display_name":"Magnetic anomaly","score":0.3461017608642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3304975926876068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.2273014485836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","score":0.16692566871643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.130669504404068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08265838027000427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7143973112106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413106","display_name":"Magnetotellurics","level":3,"score":0.6749733686447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.6724270582199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5930535793304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.5565913915634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.5534954071044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.5352082848548889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95109369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731616","display_name":"Magnetic survey","level":3,"score":0.4603862762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.4304564297199249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.42758506536483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194482375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117987","display_name":"Magnetic anomaly","level":2,"score":0.3461017608642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3304975926876068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.2273014485836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.16692566871643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.130669504404068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08265838027000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781119434412.ch6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119434412.ch6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764668805","display_name":"Geophysical monograph","issn_l":"0065-8448","issn":["0065-8448","2328-8779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Monograph Series","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67541791","https://openalex.org/W199680583","https://openalex.org/W882965831","https://openalex.org/W975608034","https://openalex.org/W1574987472","https://openalex.org/W1582759661","https://openalex.org/W1971451802","https://openalex.org/W1979127544","https://openalex.org/W1983151776","https://openalex.org/W1990030597","https://openalex.org/W1990032286","https://openalex.org/W1991191639","https://openalex.org/W1995799897","https://openalex.org/W1999905654","https://openalex.org/W2025223593","https://openalex.org/W2033614590","https://openalex.org/W2041975274","https://openalex.org/W2054940177","https://openalex.org/W2062618883","https://openalex.org/W2084333302","https://openalex.org/W2118415902","https://openalex.org/W2119969303","https://openalex.org/W2127142346","https://openalex.org/W2162325236","https://openalex.org/W2162335376","https://openalex.org/W2180188025","https://openalex.org/W2189603330","https://openalex.org/W2277309879","https://openalex.org/W2277350888","https://openalex.org/W2292288155","https://openalex.org/W2480098077","https://openalex.org/W2499852951","https://openalex.org/W2500676959","https://openalex.org/W2504360986","https://openalex.org/W2565936497","https://openalex.org/W2580642199","https://openalex.org/W2582776871","https://openalex.org/W2591123938","https://openalex.org/W2658027406","https://openalex.org/W2729013334","https://openalex.org/W2788580411","https://openalex.org/W2790302172","https://openalex.org/W2790747485","https://openalex.org/W2794933829","https://openalex.org/W2805248314","https://openalex.org/W2883009991","https://openalex.org/W2893075718","https://openalex.org/W3023580204","https://openalex.org/W3156316487","https://openalex.org/W4212999186","https://openalex.org/W4237539989","https://openalex.org/W4238189401","https://openalex.org/W4241985582","https://openalex.org/W4248814915","https://openalex.org/W4249620560","https://openalex.org/W4251398230","https://openalex.org/W4253749929","https://openalex.org/W4256264335","https://openalex.org/W4256492824","https://openalex.org/W6944033726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077621737","https://openalex.org/W2353078012","https://openalex.org/W2370397408","https://openalex.org/W2553844655","https://openalex.org/W3087711168","https://openalex.org/W2612430865","https://openalex.org/W2059885398","https://openalex.org/W2089461568","https://openalex.org/W3073392352","https://openalex.org/W1998497359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geoelectric":[0],"field":[1,39],"time":[2,48],"series":[3,49],"can":[4],"be":[5,58,183],"estimated":[6],"by":[7,97],"convolving":[8],"estimates":[9],"of":[10,24,37,46,70,112,116,157,163],"Earth-surface":[11],"impedance,":[12],"such":[13,55],"as":[14,56],"those":[15,162],"obtained":[16,27,82,91],"from":[17,83],"magnetotelluric":[18],"survey":[19,85],"measurements,":[20],"with":[21],"historical":[22],"records":[23,90],"geomagnetic":[25,88],"variation":[26,40,89],"at":[28,92,121,130],"magnetic":[29,42,63,170],"observatories.":[30],"This":[31],"straightforward":[32],"procedure":[33],"permits":[34],"the":[35,47,66,76,93,98,167,176],"mapping":[36],"geoelectric":[38,106,164],"during":[41,60],"storms.":[43],"Statistical":[44],"analysis":[45],"allows":[50],"extrapolation":[51],"to":[52,127,145],"extreme-value":[53],"amplitudes,":[54],"might":[57,182],"realized":[59],"an":[61],"intense":[62],"storm":[64,179],"in":[65,124,133,148,173],"future.":[67],"The":[68],"development":[69],"these":[71],"products":[72],"is":[73,143],"illustrated":[74],"for":[75,166],"Mid-Atlantic":[77],"United":[78],"States,":[79],"using":[80],"impedances":[81],"EarthScope":[84],"data":[86],"and":[87,136],"Fredericksburg":[94],"observatory":[95],"operated":[96],"U.S.":[99],"Geological":[100],"Survey.":[101],"For":[102],"this":[103],"region,":[104],"100-year":[105,158],"exceedance":[107,159],"amplitudes":[108,160,165],"have":[109,138],"a":[110,122,131,186],"range":[111],"almost":[113],"three":[114],"orders":[115],"magnitude":[117],"(from":[118],"0.04":[119],"V/km":[120,129],"site":[123,132],"southern":[125],"Pennsylvania":[126],"24.29":[128],"central":[134],"Virginia),":[135],"they":[137],"significant":[139],"geographic":[140],"granularity,":[141],"which":[142],"due":[144],"site-to-site":[146],"differences":[147],"surface":[149],"impedance":[150],"(and":[151],"subsurface":[152],"electrical":[153],"conductivity":[154],"structure).":[155],"Maps":[156],"resemble":[161],"March":[168,177],"1989":[169,178],"storm,":[171],"and,":[172],"that":[174],"sense,":[175],"resembles":[180],"what":[181],"loosely":[184],"called":[185],"\u201c100-year\u201d":[187],"event.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}