{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128314963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061471","title":"The winter helium bulge revisited","display_name":"The winter helium bulge revisited","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128314963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061471","mag":"2128314963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/2014gl061471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061471","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2014GL061471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2014GL061471","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038164132","display_name":"Xianjing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-5168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianjing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA","Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329725","display_name":"Wenbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-4542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115194318","display_name":"NSF NCAR High Altitude Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03773p874","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083902361","display_name":"J. P. Thayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-8251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey P. Thayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA","Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000286291","display_name":"A. G. Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-0020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115194318","display_name":"NSF NCAR High Altitude Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03773p874","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065445745","display_name":"E. K. Sutton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-7189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800117799","display_name":"Kirtland Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/04erk7g84","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800117799","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Sutton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory  Albuquerque New Mexico USA","Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory  Albuquerque New Mexico USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800117799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060799188","display_name":"S. C. Solomon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-3034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115194318","display_name":"NSF NCAR High Altitude Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03773p874","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley C. Solomon","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072506179","display_name":"Liying Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-1388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115194318","display_name":"NSF NCAR High Altitude Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/03773p874","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liying Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder; Colorado; USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I115194318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037394360","display_name":"Greg Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-1863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA","Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038164132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0412,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78849931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"19","first_page":"6603","last_page":"6609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermosphere","display_name":"Thermosphere","score":0.8557002544403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helium","display_name":"Helium","score":0.7485636472702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulge","display_name":"Bulge","score":0.7311594486236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solstice","display_name":"Solstice","score":0.7246994376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6696682572364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advection","display_name":"Advection","score":0.6557005643844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5519419312477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4678070545196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.45599836111068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.44164854288101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.38838762044906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.3511117994785309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2421405017375946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.21927055716514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.09470796585083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.08154436945915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stars","display_name":"Stars","score":0.05958491563796997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131980223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178043","display_name":"Thermosphere","level":3,"score":0.8557002544403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546029482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560","display_name":"Helium","level":2,"score":0.7485636472702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10767094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854155","display_name":"Bulge","level":3,"score":0.7311594486236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108320909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123524","display_name":"Solstice","level":3,"score":0.7246994376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6696682572364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379788","display_name":"Advection","level":2,"score":0.6557005643844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5519419312477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4678070545196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.45599836111068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.44164854288101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.38838762044906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3511117994785309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2421405017375946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.21927055716514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.09470796585083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.08154436945915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.05958491563796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/2014gl061471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061471","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2014GL061471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dsapce.library.iitb.ac.in:100/25080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/xmlui/handle/100/25080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400899","display_name":"DSpace (IIT Bombay)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article; Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.iitb.ac.in:100/25080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400899","display_name":"DSpace (IIT Bombay)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article; Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/2014gl061471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061471","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2014GL061471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1513405566","display_name":"VARIATIONS OF ELECTRON DENSITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAGNETIC EQUATOR HAVE IMPORTANT IMPACTS ON THE THERMOSPHERE. ONE EXAMPLE OF THIS IS THE STRONG JET","funder_award_id":"NNX12AJ54G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G190639874","display_name":"PROPOSAL SUMMARY OF NASA LWS-FST PROPOSAL 2013 GLOBAL THERMOSPHERIC WIND RESPONSE TO GEOMAGNETIC STORMS DURING GEOMAGNETIC STORMS HIGH-LATITUDE ELECT","funder_award_id":"NNX14AE06G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2416753727","display_name":"WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE THE BEHAVIOR OF IONOSPHERIC F2 REGION WINTER ANOMALY AT SOLAR MINIMUM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NEUTRAL COMPOSITION VARIATI","funder_award_id":"NNX10AQ49G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4550512680","display_name":"THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE RESPONSE OF THERMOSPHERE DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE TO THE UNIQUE SOLAR MINIMUM THAT BEGAN IN 2007 AND CONTINUES TODAY. THE","funder_award_id":"NNX10AE62G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5256107988","display_name":"WE PROPOSE TO UNDERTAKE A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE VARIATIONS OFTHE PENETRATION ELECTRIC FIELDS AND THE MECHANISMS CAUSING THESE VARIATIONS UNDER V","funder_award_id":"NNX10AQ59G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7073919549","display_name":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE LOWER THERMOSPHERE THROUGH THE E-REGION DYNAMO ON THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE ANOMALY (EIA) HAS BEEN WIDELY STUDIED; HOWEVER THE D","funder_award_id":"NNX10AQ52G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G83586129","display_name":"THE LOWER AND MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE CAN DRIVE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE. ONE EXAMPLE OF THIS IS THE EFFECTS OF SUDDEN STRATOSPHERIC WAR","funder_award_id":"NNX13AE20G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128314963.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128314963.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29362520","https://openalex.org/W1496559847","https://openalex.org/W1972369373","https://openalex.org/W1980716358","https://openalex.org/W1981112590","https://openalex.org/W1983202789","https://openalex.org/W2002649735","https://openalex.org/W2004708281","https://openalex.org/W2005045069","https://openalex.org/W2019512707","https://openalex.org/W2021969448","https://openalex.org/W2022583568","https://openalex.org/W2023600792","https://openalex.org/W2035003644","https://openalex.org/W2037949899","https://openalex.org/W2051998872","https://openalex.org/W2080162824","https://openalex.org/W2080814935","https://openalex.org/W2081909678","https://openalex.org/W2094852882","https://openalex.org/W2096713129","https://openalex.org/W2111942881","https://openalex.org/W2121813526","https://openalex.org/W2124715982","https://openalex.org/W2165036129","https://openalex.org/W6629749223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972545883","https://openalex.org/W2033219252","https://openalex.org/W4235360844","https://openalex.org/W2101057502","https://openalex.org/W1985215167","https://openalex.org/W2051672287","https://openalex.org/W2805025249","https://openalex.org/W4390199377","https://openalex.org/W4394829897","https://openalex.org/W2031570768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"newly":[2],"implemented":[3],"helium":[4,27,45,89,97,122],"module":[5],"in":[6,22,29,69,110],"the":[7,19,30,54,63,70,82,87,96],"National":[8],"Center":[9],"for":[10,86],"Atmospheric":[11],"Research\u2010Thermosphere":[12],"Ionosphere":[13],"Electrodynamics":[14],"general":[15,51],"circulation":[16],"model":[17,37],"offers":[18],"first":[20,34],"opportunity":[21],"three":[23],"decades":[24],"to":[25,39,95,107,112,126],"describe":[26],"behavior":[28],"context":[31],"of":[32,43,56,66],"a":[33,118],"principles,":[35],"self\u2010consistent":[36],"and":[38,58,78,129,138],"test":[40],"early":[41],"theories":[42],"wintertime":[44],"bulge":[46,71,98],"formation.":[47,72],"This":[48],"study":[49],"shows":[50],"agreement":[52],"with":[53],"findings":[55,74],"Reber":[57],"Hays":[59],"(1973)":[60],"but":[61],"articulates":[62],"definitive":[64],"role":[65],"vertical":[67,76,108],"advection":[68,77],"Our":[73],"indicate":[75],"molecular":[79],"diffusion":[80],"are":[81],"dominate":[83],"processes":[84],"responsible":[85],"solstice":[88],"distribution.":[90],"Horizontal":[91],"winds":[92,109],"indirectly":[93],"contribute":[94,125],"formation":[99],"by":[100,134],"their":[101],"divergent":[102],"wind":[103],"field":[104],"that":[105],"leads":[106],"order":[111],"maintain":[113],"thermosphere":[114],"mass":[115,127],"continuity.":[116],"As":[117],"minor":[119],"gas,":[120],"thermospheric":[121],"does":[123],"not":[124],"continuity":[128],"its":[130],"distribution":[131],"is":[132],"dictated":[133],"more":[135],"local":[136],"interactions":[137],"constraints.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
