{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142816322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vis.4340040304","title":"Sequential\u2010goal constraints for computer animation","display_name":"Sequential\u2010goal constraints for computer animation","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142816322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vis.4340040304","mag":"2142816322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/vis.4340040304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vis.4340040304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81770601","display_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","issn_l":"1049-8907","issn":["1049-8907","1099-1778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077134180","display_name":"Wen\u2010Bang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen\u2010Bang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Dept. of Comput. & Inf. Sci., National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. & Inf. Sci., National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112454407","display_name":"Ming\u2010Tat Ko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming\u2010Tat Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Yen-Chiu-Yuan Road, Sec. II, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan","Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Yen\u2010Chiu\u2010Yuan Road, Sec. II, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Yen-Chiu-Yuan Road, Sec. II, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Yen\u2010Chiu\u2010Yuan Road, Sec. II, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109058881","display_name":"Ruei\u2010Chuan Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruei\u2010Chuan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Dept. of Comput. & Inf. Sci., National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. & Inf. Sci., National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077134180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77003598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"153","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8323720693588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.7312526106834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.6013663411140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5622682571411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-work","display_name":"Virtual work","score":0.5398212671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.48152264952659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.45543986558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.45395582914352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.4219355881214142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.420734167098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3277342915534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.22193539142608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.1963273286819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17744433879852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09893041849136353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8323720693588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.7312526106834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.6013663411140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5622682571411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136560751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144923","display_name":"Virtual work","level":3,"score":0.5398212671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.48152264952659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.45543986558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45395582914352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.4219355881214142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.420734167098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3277342915534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.22193539142608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.1963273286819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17744433879852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09893041849136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/vis.4340040304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vis.4340040304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81770601","display_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","issn_l":"1049-8907","issn":["1049-8907","1099-1778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1664943612","https://openalex.org/W2017116334","https://openalex.org/W2110611032","https://openalex.org/W2113069029","https://openalex.org/W2121378366","https://openalex.org/W2122439897","https://openalex.org/W2154492396","https://openalex.org/W2913119138","https://openalex.org/W2999276620","https://openalex.org/W4234731963","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121378366","https://openalex.org/W3112102641","https://openalex.org/W2013184069","https://openalex.org/W2535923857","https://openalex.org/W2989004599","https://openalex.org/W126583968","https://openalex.org/W1976926596","https://openalex.org/W4313289090","https://openalex.org/W2359575859","https://openalex.org/W2532377291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,83],"dynamic":[2,36],"constraints":[3,28,37,91,109,121,129],"technique":[4,38,105,110],"has":[5],"been":[6],"proposed":[7,112],"for":[8,57],"building":[9],"geometrical":[10],"models":[11],"composed":[12],"of":[13,42,160],"rigid":[14],"bodies,":[15],"which":[16],"are":[17,93],"made":[18],"to":[19,23,47,64,74,94,113,126,131,141,145],"act":[20],"naturally,":[21],"according":[22,73,130],"Newtonian":[24],"laws,":[25],"by":[26,53,78,89],"specifying":[27],"on":[29],"their":[30],"states.":[31,82],"In":[32,101],"computer":[33],"animation,":[34],"the":[35,40,107,119,157,161],"alleviates":[39],"work\u2010load":[41],"animators":[43],"who":[44],"formerly":[45],"had":[46],"plan":[48],"animated":[49],"sequences":[50],"in":[51],"detail":[52],"intuition":[54],"alone.":[55],"Nevertheless,":[56],"some":[58,80],"real\u2010world":[59],"applications,":[60],"it":[61,123],"is":[62,111,124,163],"desirable":[63],"have":[65],"a":[66,75,104,116,132,152],"mechanism":[67],"that":[68,92,156],"makes":[69],"physically\u2010based":[70],"elements":[71],"move":[72],"given":[76,133],"scenario":[77,134],"providing":[79],"control":[81,84],"states":[85],"can":[86],"be":[87,95],"represented":[88],"transient":[90,128,148],"met":[96],"and":[97,135,139,165],"then":[98],"released":[99],"immediately.":[100],"this":[102],"paper,":[103],"called":[106],"sequential\u2010goal":[108,120],"provide":[114],"such":[115],"mechanism.":[117],"With":[118],"technique,":[122],"easy":[125],"specify":[127],"derive":[136],"proper":[137],"forces":[138],"torques":[140],"drive":[142],"an":[143],"element":[144,162],"meet":[146],"each":[147],"constraint":[149],"exactly":[150],"at":[151],"specified":[153],"time":[154],"so":[155],"whole":[158],"motion":[159],"continuous":[164],"integral.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}