{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003377866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stvr.4370030306","title":"A metric\u2010based software evaluation method","display_name":"A metric\u2010based software evaluation method","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003377866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stvr.4370030306","mag":"2003377866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/stvr.4370030306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stvr.4370030306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83624231","display_name":"Software Testing Verification and Reliability","issn_l":"0960-0833","issn":["0960-0833","1099-1689"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Testing, Verification and Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006528855","display_name":"Dieter Welzel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166048","display_name":"Gesellschaft Fur Mathematik Und Datenverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/02g6d4t03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166048"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Welzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany","Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D\u201053757 Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D\u201053757 Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032152904","display_name":"Hans\u2010Ludwig Hausen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166048","display_name":"Gesellschaft Fur Mathematik Und Datenverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/02g6d4t03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166048"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans\u2010Ludwig Hausen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany","Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D\u201053757 Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung mbH (GMD), Schloss Birlinghoven, D\u201053757 Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166048"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004118261","display_name":"J\u00f8srgen B\u00f8segh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131550","display_name":"Delta (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/03whc3s66","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087957","https://openalex.org/I4210131550"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f8srgen B\u00f8segh","raw_affiliation_strings":["DELTA, Venlighedsvej 4, DK-2970 Hoersholm, Denmark","DELTA, Venlighedsvej 4, DK\u20102970 Hoersholm, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DELTA, Venlighedsvej 4, DK-2970 Hoersholm, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DELTA, Venlighedsvej 4, DK\u20102970 Hoersholm, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006528855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166048"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21972483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","first_page":"181","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6706368923187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6247454881668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.5671098828315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.5651021003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5597225427627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5538901090621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.5384711027145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5315240025520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5067916512489319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4962690472602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.49596866965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality-control","display_name":"Software quality control","score":0.4576739966869354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4561133086681366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44000253081321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4320720434188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-measurement","display_name":"Software measurement","score":0.42178231477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.35068196058273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3341248333454132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33079707622528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20680955052375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08993104100227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0812082290649414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6706368923187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6247454881668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5671098828315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.5651021003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5597225427627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5538901090621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.5384711027145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5315240025520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5067916512489319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4962690472602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.49596866965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176035894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554350","display_name":"Software quality control","level":5,"score":0.4576739966869354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4561133086681366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44000253081321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4320720434188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89567784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554325","display_name":"Software measurement","level":5,"score":0.42178231477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.35068196058273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3341248333454132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33079707622528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20680955052375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08993104100227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0812082290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/stvr.4370030306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/stvr.4370030306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83624231","display_name":"Software Testing Verification and Reliability","issn_l":"0960-0833","issn":["0960-0833","1099-1689"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Testing, Verification and Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135093973","https://openalex.org/W2148827163","https://openalex.org/W2539959134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123460498","https://openalex.org/W2798385000","https://openalex.org/W2406746345","https://openalex.org/W2189157652","https://openalex.org/W2090249529","https://openalex.org/W1981645631","https://openalex.org/W2183508512","https://openalex.org/W2377329716","https://openalex.org/W3034143783","https://openalex.org/W4360910036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Based":[1],"on":[2,74],"a":[3,12,57,103],"set":[4],"of":[5,14,34,77,87,96,145],"case":[6],"studies":[7],"in":[8,81,99,137],"eight":[9],"European":[10],"countries":[11],"method":[13,29,53,149],"software":[15,36,88],"evaluation":[16,45,83,89,93,97,116],"has":[17],"been":[18,121,125],"designed":[19],"within":[20],"ESPRIT":[21],"Project":[22],"SCOPE":[23],"(Software":[24],"Certification":[25],"Programme":[26],"Europe).":[27],"This":[28],"deals":[30],"with":[31,153,159],"several":[32],"types":[33],"information:":[35],"characteristics":[37],"and":[38,41,44,67,106,123,135],"metrics,":[39],"product":[40],"process":[42,110],"information,":[43],"techniques.":[46],"In":[47],"order":[48,100],"to":[49,101,127],"be":[50],"applicable,":[51],"the":[52,62,69,75,108,128,143],"is":[54,90],"supported":[55],"by":[56,92,115],"five\u2010step":[58],"procedure":[59],"that":[60],"analyses":[61],"quality":[63,104],"requirements,":[64],"specifies,":[65],"designs":[66],"conducts":[68],"evaluation,":[70],"and,":[71],"finally,":[72],"reports":[73],"collection":[76],"all":[78],"documents":[79,139],"produced":[80,122],"an":[82],"report.":[84],"The":[85,148],"thoroughness":[86],"expressed":[91],"levels;":[94],"encapsulations":[95],"techniques,":[98],"measure":[102],"attribute":[105],"manage":[107],"whole":[109],"more":[111],"easily,":[112],"are":[113],"described":[114],"modules.":[117],"Two":[118],"guides":[119],"have":[120,124],"submitted":[126],"responsible":[129],"ISO/IEC":[130,146],"JTC1":[131],"sub\u2010committee":[132],"for":[133,142],"review":[134],"inclusion":[136],"normative":[138],"being":[140],"developed":[141],"application":[144],"9126.":[147],"proposed":[150],"can":[151],"work":[152],"customized":[154],"models":[155],"as":[156,158],"well":[157],"standards.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}