{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416340818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spy2.70137","title":"A Privacy\u2010Preserving Framework for Real\u2010Time <scp>P2P</scp> Virtual Scene Transmission Using Homomorphic Encryption and Edge Offloading","display_name":"A Privacy\u2010Preserving Framework for Real\u2010Time <scp>P2P</scp> Virtual Scene Transmission Using Homomorphic Encryption and Edge Offloading","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416340818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spy2.70137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spy2.70137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spy2.70137","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/spy2.70137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233143","display_name":"Security and Privacy","issn_l":"2475-6725","issn":["2475-6725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SECURITY AND PRIVACY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/spy2.70137","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wangqin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7185-2341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110650","display_name":"Nanchang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbpdt14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wangqin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Information Science Nanchang Normal University  Nanchang China","School of Mathematics and Information Science, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7185-2341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Information Science Nanchang Normal University  Nanchang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Information Science, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110650"],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18051437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.2526000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.2526000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.18039999902248383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.07169999927282333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7355999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7232000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.3589000105857849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8036999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7355999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7232000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147977885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117010","display_name":"On-the-fly encryption","level":3,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162372511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218341","display_name":"Checksum","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4637271","display_name":"40-bit encryption","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966812","display_name":"Trusted Computing","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9368797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117010","display_name":"Disk encryption","level":4,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18319499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5448402","display_name":"Filesystem-level encryption","level":4,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166501710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5132476","display_name":"Client-side encryption","level":4,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spy2.70137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spy2.70137","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/spy2.70137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233143","display_name":"Security and Privacy","issn_l":"2475-6725","issn":["2475-6725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SECURITY AND PRIVACY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spy2.70137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spy2.70137","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/spy2.70137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233143","display_name":"Security and Privacy","issn_l":"2475-6725","issn":["2475-6725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SECURITY AND PRIVACY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416340818.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416340818.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2738359623","https://openalex.org/W4309175038","https://openalex.org/W4366149825","https://openalex.org/W4376127844","https://openalex.org/W4377143071","https://openalex.org/W4385164184","https://openalex.org/W4391255510","https://openalex.org/W4391849135","https://openalex.org/W4398762437","https://openalex.org/W4399392855","https://openalex.org/W4400420650","https://openalex.org/W4400642819","https://openalex.org/W4400839984","https://openalex.org/W4401108899","https://openalex.org/W4402654411","https://openalex.org/W4402737866","https://openalex.org/W4403909613","https://openalex.org/W4404633002","https://openalex.org/W4405030804","https://openalex.org/W4405366035","https://openalex.org/W4406682247","https://openalex.org/W4407622838","https://openalex.org/W4407766642","https://openalex.org/W4408338620","https://openalex.org/W4408760427","https://openalex.org/W4408950905","https://openalex.org/W4409195401","https://openalex.org/W4410291789"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"In":[1,132,181],"order":[2],"to":[3,143,153,161,171,193],"address":[4],"the":[5,26,117,137,146,155,165,183,211],"data":[6],"privacy":[7,20,44,127,220,239],"issues":[8],"in":[9,12,106,257],"real\u2010time":[10,49,223],"collaboration":[11,135,216],"P2P":[13,215,259],"virtual":[14,235],"scenes,":[15],"this":[16],"paper":[17],"proposes":[18],"a":[19,54,77,174,226],"protection":[21,45,221],"transmission":[22],"framework":[23,35,217],"based":[24,79,119,214],"on":[25,246],"Brakerski":[27],"Fan":[28],"Vercauteren":[29],"homomorphic":[30,99],"encryption":[31,88,100,189,249],"scheme.":[32],"The":[33,94],"proposed":[34,212],"allows":[36],"for":[37,87,231,254],"direct":[38],"computation":[39,178],"of":[40,59,69,148,198],"ciphertext,":[41],"ensuring":[42],"end\u2010to\u2010end":[43],"while":[46,164,200],"maintaining":[47,201],"acceptable":[48],"performance.":[50],"We":[51],"have":[52],"built":[53],"high\u2010performance":[55],"experimental":[56,95],"platform":[57],"consisting":[58],"an":[60,71,196],"Intel":[61],"Xeon":[62],"Gold":[63],"edge":[64,185],"server":[65],"with":[66,115],"128":[67],"GB":[68],"memory,":[70],"NVIDIA":[72],"RTX":[73],"A6000":[74],"GPU,":[75],"and":[76,85,91,103,179,222,228,237,250],"Docker":[78],"Ubuntu":[80],"environment":[81],"that":[82,98,210],"integrates":[83],"TensorFlow":[84],"PyTorch":[86],"performance":[89],"testing":[90],"behavioral":[92],"modeling.":[93],"results":[96],"show":[97],"supports":[101],"addition":[102],"multiplication":[104],"operations":[105],"ciphertext":[107,203],"form,":[108],"effectively":[109],"preventing":[110],"sensitive":[111,240],"information":[112],"leakage.":[113],"Compared":[114],"AES,":[116],"BFV":[118,213],"scheme":[120],"shows":[121],"higher":[122],"average":[123],"latency,":[124],"but":[125],"reduces":[126,188],"leakage":[128,138],"by":[129],"over":[130],"93%.":[131],"four":[133],"real\u2010world":[134],"scenarios,":[136],"rate":[139],"decreased":[140,158],"from":[141,151,159,169,191],"86.25%":[142],"5.5%.":[144],"When":[145],"number":[147],"nodes":[149],"increased":[150,168],"10":[152],"200,":[154],"system":[156],"throughput":[157],"43.2":[160],"28.4":[162],"MB/s,":[163],"CPU":[166],"utilization":[167],"68%":[170],"87%,":[172],"indicating":[173],"reasonable":[175],"trade\u2010off":[176],"between":[177],"security.":[180],"addition,":[182],"integrated":[184],"offloading":[186],"mechanism":[187],"latency":[190],"180":[192],"95":[194],"ms,":[195],"increase":[197],"36%,":[199],"complete":[202],"confidentiality":[204],"during":[205],"processing.":[206],"These":[207],"findings":[208],"validate":[209],"achieves":[218],"advanced":[219],"scalability,":[224],"providing":[225],"feasible":[227],"secure":[229],"solution":[230],"remote":[232],"design,":[233],"distributed":[234],"training,":[236],"other":[238],"applications.":[241],"Future":[242],"research":[243],"will":[244],"focus":[245],"optimizing":[247],"lightweight":[248],"adaptive":[251],"scheduling":[252],"mechanisms":[253],"wider":[255],"deployment":[256],"heterogeneous":[258],"environments.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
