{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124727307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380240102","title":"Using the programming walkthrough to aid in programming language design","display_name":"Using the programming walkthrough to aid in programming language design","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124727307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380240102","mag":"2124727307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380240102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380240102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111996318","display_name":"Brigham Bell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123843","display_name":"Advanced Technologies Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0359sgh16","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brigham Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["U S WEST Advanced Technologies, 4001 Discovery Drive, Suite 270, Boulder, CO 80303, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U S WEST Advanced Technologies, 4001 Discovery Drive, Suite 270, Boulder, CO 80303, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042503621","display_name":"Wayne Citrin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Citrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111974510","display_name":"Clayton Lewis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clayton Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080850454","display_name":"John Rieman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Rieman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111048833","display_name":"R. P. Weaver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Weaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science, 206 Korman Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science, 206 Korman Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081191910","display_name":"Nick Wilde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516138","display_name":"Benjamin G. Zorn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Zorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20130430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Campus Box 430, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309\u20100430, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111996318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123843"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95519126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-walkthrough","display_name":"Software walkthrough","score":0.8699213266372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7462780475616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-programming-language","display_name":"C programming language","score":0.5809386372566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fourth-generation programming language","score":0.5655766725540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.544931948184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.460932195186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language-specification","display_name":"Programming language specification","score":0.4323252737522125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-generation-programming-language","display_name":"First-generation programming language","score":0.4240094721317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-domain","display_name":"Programming domain","score":0.37566375732421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3749288320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.2745359539985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.26777565479278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1322571337223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.1244196891784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-logic-programming","display_name":"Functional logic programming","score":0.11348003149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.11208498477935791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46110900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11702993","display_name":"Software walkthrough","level":5,"score":0.8699213266372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7462780475616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986567400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15777","display_name":"C programming language","level":3,"score":0.5809386372566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145628200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238137","display_name":"Fourth-generation programming language","level":5,"score":0.5655766725540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.544931948184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.460932195186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15077461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248507","display_name":"Programming language specification","level":5,"score":0.4323252737522125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C570499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289116","display_name":"First-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.4240094721317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.37566375732421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3749288320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.2745359539985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.26777565479278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1322571337223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.1244196891784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96315309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508829","display_name":"Functional logic programming","level":4,"score":0.11348003149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.11208498477935791}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380240102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380240102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.14.9867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.14.9867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ubc.ca/local/reading/proceedings/spe91-95/spe/./vol24/issue1/spe867.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.51.7626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.51.7626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/techreports/citrin/walkthrough.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322014","display_name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01f7dp456"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23343499","https://openalex.org/W66509063","https://openalex.org/W202909246","https://openalex.org/W1490690087","https://openalex.org/W1510165340","https://openalex.org/W1612240516","https://openalex.org/W2003317733","https://openalex.org/W2014132843","https://openalex.org/W2016900109","https://openalex.org/W2025139261","https://openalex.org/W2039883913","https://openalex.org/W2045424777","https://openalex.org/W2051384178","https://openalex.org/W2059311901","https://openalex.org/W2060180843","https://openalex.org/W2069117635","https://openalex.org/W2080878462","https://openalex.org/W2102966858","https://openalex.org/W2103219113","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2133247167","https://openalex.org/W2138432297","https://openalex.org/W2147543351","https://openalex.org/W2148817888","https://openalex.org/W2158140228","https://openalex.org/W2164439053","https://openalex.org/W2167522388","https://openalex.org/W2612360245","https://openalex.org/W2747632778","https://openalex.org/W2987635609","https://openalex.org/W2987977008","https://openalex.org/W3022537579","https://openalex.org/W3034566726","https://openalex.org/W3145818753","https://openalex.org/W3184402006","https://openalex.org/W3212170901","https://openalex.org/W4253625738","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6659855545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124727307","https://openalex.org/W2238450825","https://openalex.org/W977496018","https://openalex.org/W2235266364","https://openalex.org/W2198524561","https://openalex.org/W86907044","https://openalex.org/W2133376498","https://openalex.org/W2056649074","https://openalex.org/W2349007713","https://openalex.org/W2374225358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"programming":[2,23],"walkthrough":[3],"is":[4,26,66],"a":[5,22,67],"method":[6,49,65],"for":[7,16],"assessing":[8],"how":[9],"easy":[10],"or":[11],"hard":[12],"it":[13,55],"will":[14],"be":[15],"users":[17],"to":[18,28,32,39,70],"write":[19],"programs":[20],"in":[21,36,53,56],"language.":[24],"It":[25],"intended":[27],"enable":[29],"language":[30,58],"designers":[31],"identify":[33],"problems":[34],"early":[35],"design":[37,59,72],"and":[38,50],"help":[40],"them":[41],"choose":[42],"among":[43],"alternative":[44],"designs.":[45],"We":[46],"describe":[47],"the":[48,64],"present":[51],"experience":[52],"applying":[54],"four":[57],"projects.":[60],"Results":[61],"indicate":[62],"that":[63],"useful":[68],"supplement":[69],"existing":[71],"approaches.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}