{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090535169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380191006","title":"TGMS: An object\u2010oriented system for programming geometry","display_name":"TGMS: An object\u2010oriented system for programming geometry","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090535169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380191006","mag":"2090535169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380191006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380191006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027835997","display_name":"Walter C. Dietrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter C. Dietrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109358421","display_name":"Lee R. Nackman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee R. Nackman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043235990","display_name":"Christine J. Sundaresan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine J. Sundaresan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041740752","display_name":"F. Gracer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franklin Gracer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Automation, Manufacturing Research, IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM -- T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027835997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98199522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"10","first_page":"979","last_page":"1013"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13267","display_name":"Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.7007803916931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6694198846817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5826301574707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5760478377342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.49814295768737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45710596442222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15386128425598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13626402616500854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.7007803916931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6694198846817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5826301574707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5760478377342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.49814295768737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45710596442222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15386128425598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13626402616500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380191006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380191006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192699048","https://openalex.org/W1535598423","https://openalex.org/W1588001972","https://openalex.org/W1830701887","https://openalex.org/W1861436941","https://openalex.org/W1965045116","https://openalex.org/W1971148142","https://openalex.org/W1989904624","https://openalex.org/W1997522747","https://openalex.org/W1999284855","https://openalex.org/W2002757583","https://openalex.org/W2015871415","https://openalex.org/W2018048457","https://openalex.org/W2030269333","https://openalex.org/W2033865065","https://openalex.org/W2037024289","https://openalex.org/W2048055472","https://openalex.org/W2055430296","https://openalex.org/W2058730024","https://openalex.org/W2059852563","https://openalex.org/W2077160015","https://openalex.org/W2090535169","https://openalex.org/W2100185791","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2125371123","https://openalex.org/W2146216688","https://openalex.org/W2147543351","https://openalex.org/W2151235352","https://openalex.org/W2153720149","https://openalex.org/W2155189465","https://openalex.org/W2163818037","https://openalex.org/W2163832616","https://openalex.org/W2166528503","https://openalex.org/W2913519551","https://openalex.org/W4240678066","https://openalex.org/W4404172550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603736412","https://openalex.org/W4304185162","https://openalex.org/W2378005410","https://openalex.org/W2061685118","https://openalex.org/W3006282800","https://openalex.org/W1578809901","https://openalex.org/W2611825707","https://openalex.org/W1547394117","https://openalex.org/W1580516753","https://openalex.org/W2552002334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"TGMS":[1,39,89,117,126,176],"(tiered":[2],"geometric":[3],"modelling":[4,21,72,87],"system)":[5],"is":[6,58,73],"an":[7,27,60,76,83,106,134,193],"experimental":[8],"system":[9,93,195,204,213],"intended":[10,63],"to":[11,78,136,150],"reduce":[12],"the":[13,38,114,181,210],"difficulty":[14],"and":[15,68,118,130,138,154,159,170,191],"cost":[16,207],"of":[17,43,116,122,173,183,201],"developing":[18],"new":[19],"solid":[20,30,86],"applications":[22],"while":[23],"preserving":[24],"investment":[25],"in":[26,37,66,95,141],"existing,":[28,84],"time\u2010tested,":[29],"modeller.":[31],"The":[32,54,125,165],"application":[33,108],"developer":[34],"writes":[35],"programs":[36,169],"language,":[40],"which":[41],"consists":[42],"a":[44,92,96,103,142,171,202],"base":[45,55,104],"language":[46,57,62,98,127],"augmented":[47],"by":[48],"data":[49,139],"types":[50],"(classes)":[51],"for":[52,64,105,186],"geometry.":[53],"programming":[56,109,185],"AML/X,":[59],"object\u2010oriented":[61,107,184,194,212],"use":[65,182],"design":[67,81,115],"manufacturing":[69],"applications.":[70],"Solid":[71],"done":[74],"using":[75],"interface":[77,135],"GDP":[79],"(geometric":[80],"processor),":[82],"production\u2010quality":[85],"system.":[88],"shows":[90],"how":[91],"written":[94],"non\u2010object\u2010oriented":[97,143,203],"can":[99,196],"be":[100,197],"used":[101],"as":[102],"environment.":[110],"This":[111],"paper":[112,166],"presents":[113],"discusses":[119],"important":[120],"aspects":[121],"its":[123],"implementation.":[124],"defines":[128],"classes":[129],"methods":[131],"that":[132,180,192],"provide":[133],"functions":[137],"represented":[140],"language.":[144],"To":[145],"implement":[146],"TGMS,":[147],"issues":[148,162],"related":[149],"communication,":[151],"storage":[152],"management":[153],"consistency":[155],"were":[156],"addressed.":[157],"These,":[158],"other,":[160],"implementation":[161],"are":[163],"discussed.":[164],"includes":[167],"sample":[168],"summary":[172],"feedback":[174],"from":[175,214],"users.":[177],"It":[178],"concludes":[179],"geometry":[187],"has":[188],"many":[189],"benefits,":[190],"built":[198],"on":[199],"top":[200],"at":[205],"less":[206],"than":[208],"building":[209],"equivalent":[211],"scratch.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
