{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036407715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380190207","title":"Word\u2010based text compression","display_name":"Word\u2010based text compression","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036407715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380190207","mag":"2036407715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380190207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380190207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081861848","display_name":"Alistair Moffat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-0232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alistair Moffat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia","University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081861848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95816855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"185","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7731088399887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.6152111291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5877959132194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.5595586895942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5365289449691772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5142835974693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.5136013031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.45922842621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic-coding","display_name":"Arithmetic coding","score":0.45480602979660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40066462755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37668269872665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34311535954475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.342280775308609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3415912985801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19455605745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-adaptive-binary-arithmetic-coding","display_name":"Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding","score":0.15942609310150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12174239754676819}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7731088399887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.6152111291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5877959132194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.5595586895942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5365289449691772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5142835974693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5136013031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45922842621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153338461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651","display_name":"Arithmetic coding","level":4,"score":0.45480602979660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40066462755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37668269872665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34311535954475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.342280775308609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3415912985801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19455605745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175732694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128713","display_name":"Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding","level":3,"score":0.15942609310150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12174239754676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380190207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380190207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510043860","https://openalex.org/W1975965284","https://openalex.org/W1990653637","https://openalex.org/W2085880494","https://openalex.org/W2122962290","https://openalex.org/W2128777897","https://openalex.org/W2129652681","https://openalex.org/W2130055503","https://openalex.org/W2137012911","https://openalex.org/W2161628678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948148442","https://openalex.org/W2461250372","https://openalex.org/W2394342941","https://openalex.org/W2169853506","https://openalex.org/W2547124190","https://openalex.org/W2350586049","https://openalex.org/W2385628723","https://openalex.org/W2169871401","https://openalex.org/W3008492011","https://openalex.org/W2096000848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,15,27,49],"efficient":[4],"algorithms":[5],"to":[6,89],"support":[7],"arithmetic":[8],"coding":[9],"has":[10],"meant":[11],"that":[12,57,70],"powerful":[13],"models":[14,28,42],"text":[16,73],"can":[17],"now":[18],"be":[19],"used":[20],"for":[21,96],"data":[22,51],"compression.":[23],"Here":[24],"the":[25,55,60,83],"implementation":[26],"based":[29],"on":[30],"recognizing":[31],"and":[32,38,53,64,93],"recording":[33],"words":[34],"is":[35],"considered.":[36],"Move\u2010to\u2010the\u2010front":[37],"several":[39],"variable\u2010order":[40],"Markov":[41],"have":[43],"been":[44],"tested":[45],"with":[46],"a":[47],"number":[48],"different":[50],"structures,":[52],"first":[54],"decisions":[56],"went":[58],"into":[59],"implementations":[61],"are":[62,68,94],"discussed":[63],"then":[65],"experimental":[66],"results":[67],"given":[69],"show":[71],"English":[72],"being":[74],"represented":[75],"in":[76],"under":[77],"2\u20102":[78],"bits":[79],"per":[80],"character.":[81],"Moreover":[82],"programs":[84],"run":[85],"at":[86],"speeds":[87],"comparable":[88],"other":[90],"compression":[91],"techniques,":[92],"suited":[95],"practical":[97],"use.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}