{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976665522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121206","title":"The newcastle connection or UNIXes of the world unite!","display_name":"The newcastle connection or UNIXes of the world unite!","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976665522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121206","mag":"1976665522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380121206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019076311","display_name":"D. R. Brownbridge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. R. Brownbridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Laboratory, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Laboratory, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039549205","display_name":"LF Marshall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. F. Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Laboratory, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Laboratory, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050786463","display_name":"Brian Randell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-0107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Randell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Laboratory, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Laboratory, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019076311"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.9371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99816476,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"1147","last_page":"1162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unix","display_name":"Unix","score":0.9490244388580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7699371576309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unix-filesystem","display_name":"Unix filesystem","score":0.7460799217224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unix-architecture","display_name":"Unix architecture","score":0.7097145318984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5777838826179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5609890818595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5430123805999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5429657697677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4993412494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47090649604797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.40877658128738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24519583582878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0689941942691803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112968700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368","display_name":"Unix","level":3,"score":0.9490244388580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7699371576309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127860442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4033930","display_name":"Unix filesystem","level":5,"score":0.7460799217224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98536961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7896857","display_name":"Unix architecture","level":4,"score":0.7097145318984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5777838826179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5609890818595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5430123805999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5429657697677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4993412494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47090649604797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.40877658128738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24519583582878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0689941942691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380121206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W264904388","https://openalex.org/W1489609989","https://openalex.org/W1496404235","https://openalex.org/W1895551947","https://openalex.org/W1977097393","https://openalex.org/W1978557435","https://openalex.org/W2020047038","https://openalex.org/W2035432175","https://openalex.org/W2045877702","https://openalex.org/W2050567747","https://openalex.org/W2060742696","https://openalex.org/W2070343246","https://openalex.org/W2072072237","https://openalex.org/W2103444363","https://openalex.org/W2105986919","https://openalex.org/W2117271294","https://openalex.org/W2118702636","https://openalex.org/W2162655049","https://openalex.org/W2418656106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W584816818","https://openalex.org/W1575418055","https://openalex.org/W2475627229","https://openalex.org/W1975149377","https://openalex.org/W2029092867","https://openalex.org/W1938248502","https://openalex.org/W77078193","https://openalex.org/W2935962376","https://openalex.org/W259201001","https://openalex.org/W4247949609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"paper":[3],"we":[4],"describe":[5],"a":[6,16,30,46,57,90,98,104],"software":[7],"subsystem":[8],"that":[9],"can":[10],"be":[11,79],"added":[12],"to":[13,28,56,78,113,122],"each":[14],"of":[15,18,61,72,86,100],"set":[17,99],"physically":[19],"interconnected":[20],"UNIX":[21,23,49],"or":[22],"look\u2010alike":[24],"systems,":[25],"so":[26],"as":[27],"construct":[29],"distributed":[31,91],"system":[32],"which":[33,93],"is":[34,84,94],"functionally":[35],"indistinguishable":[36],"at":[37],"both":[38,62],"the":[39,42],"user":[40],"and":[41,59,64,68,117],"program":[43],"level":[44],"from":[45],"conventional":[47],"single\u2010processor":[48],"system.":[50],"The":[51,107],"techniques":[52],"used":[53],"are":[54],"applicable":[55],"variety":[58],"multiplicity":[60],"local":[63],"wide":[65],"area":[66],"networks,":[67],"enable":[69],"all":[70],"issues":[71],"inter\u2010processor":[73],"communication,":[74],"network":[75],"protocols,":[76],"etc.,":[77],"hidden.":[80],"A":[81],"brief":[82],"account":[83],"given":[85],"experience":[87],"with":[88],"such":[89],"system,":[92],"currently":[95],"operational":[96],"on":[97],"PDPlls":[101],"connected":[102],"by":[103],"Cambridge":[105],"Ring.":[106],"final":[108],"sections":[109],"compare":[110],"our":[111],"scheme":[112],"various":[114],"precursor":[115],"schemes":[116],"discuss":[118],"its":[119],"potential":[120],"relevance":[121],"other":[123],"operating":[124],"systems.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}